Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The Optic Nerve Head in High Myopia

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Pathologic Myopia

Abstract

The optic nerve head in highly myopic eyes is characterized by an enlargement of the optic nerve scleral canal and of the primary Bruch’s membrane opening; a thinning of the lamina cribrosa and thus a reduction in the distance between the intraocular compartment with intraocular pressure and the retrolaminar compartment with the orbital cerebrospinal fluid pressure; the development and enlargement of parapapillary zones gamma (defined as absence of Bruch’s membrane) and delta (markedly elongated and thinned peripapillary scleral flange); extension of the cerebrospinal fluid space just behind the thinned peripapillary scleral flange; a decreased spatial contrast between the height of the neuroretinal rim and the depth of the optic cup; a decreased color contrast between the pink of the rim and paleness of the cup; a decreased visibility of the retinal nerve fiber layer due to the bright fundus reflectance; and an increased susceptibility for glaucomatous optic nerve damage even in the presence of normal or low-normal intraocular pressure.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Jonas JB, Gusek GC, Naumann GO. Optic disc, cup and neuroretinal rim size, configuration and correlations in normal eyes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1988;29:1151–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Jonas JB, Budde WM, Panda-Jonas S. Ophthalmoscopic evaluation of the optic nerve head. Surv Ophthalmol. 1999;43:293–320.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Jonas JB, Schmidt AM, Müller-Bergh JA, Schlötzer-Schrehardt UM, Naumann GOH. Human optic nerve fiber count and optic disc size. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1992;33:2012–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Panda-Jonas S, Jonas JB, Jakobczyk M, Schneider U. Retinal photoreceptor count, retinal surface area, and optic disc size in normal human eyes. Ophthalmology. 1994;101:519–23.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Jonas JB, Mardin CY, Schlötzer-Schrehardt U, Naumann GOH. Morphometry of the human lamina cribrosa surface. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1991;32:401–5.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Jonas JB, Berenshtein E, Holbach L. Anatomic relationship between lamina cribrosa, intraocular space, and cerebrospinal fluid space. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2003;44:5189–95.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Jonas JB, Holbach L. Central corneal thickness and thickness of the lamina cribrosa in human eyes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2005;46:1275–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Jonas JB, Berenshtein E, Holbach L. Lamina cribrosa thickness and spatial relationships between intraocular space and cerebrospinal fluid space in highly myopic eyes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2004;45:2660–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Xu L, Wang Y, Wang S, Wang Y, Jonas JB. High myopia and glaucoma susceptibility. The Beijing Eye Study. Ophthalmology. 2007;114:216–20.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Ren R, Jonas JB, Tian G, Zhen Y, Ma K, Li S, Wang H, Li B, Zhang X, Wang N. Cerebrospinal fluid pressure in glaucoma. A prospective study. Ophthalmology. 2010;117:259–66.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Hernandez MR. Ultrastructural immunocytochemical analysis of elastin in the human lamina cribrosa. Changes in elastic fibers in primary open-angle glaucoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1992;33:2891–903.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Quigley EN, Quigley HA, Pease ME, Kerrigan LA. Quantitative studies of elastin in the optic nerve heads of persons with primary open-angle glaucoma. Ophthalmology. 1996;103:1680–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Roberts MD, Grau V, Grimm J, Reynaud J, Bellezza AJ, Burgoyne CF, Downs JC. Remodeling of the connective tissue microarchitecture of the lamina cribrosa in early experimental glaucoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2009;50:681–90.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Jonas JB, Nguyen XN, Gusek GC, Naumann GO. Parapapillary chorioretinal atrophy in normal and glaucoma eyes. I. Morphometric data. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1989;30:908–18.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Jonas JB, Naumann GOH. Parapapillary chorioretinal atrophy in normal and glaucoma eyes. II. Correlations. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1989;30:919–26.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Jonas JB, Gusek GC, Naumann GOH. Optic disk morphometry in high myopia. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 1988;226:587–90.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Jonas JB, Jonas SB, Jonas RA, Holbach L, Panda-Jonas S. Histology of the parapapillary region in high myopia. Am J Ophthalmol. 2011;152:1021–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Jonas JB, Jonas SB, Jonas RA, Holbach L, Dai Y, Sun X, Panda-Jonas S. Parapapillary atrophy: histological gamma zone and delta zone. PLoS One. 2012;7(10):e47237.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Dai Y, Jonas JB, Huang H, Wang M, Sun X. Microstructure of parapapillary atrophy: beta zone and gamma zone. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2013. doi:10.1167/iovs.12-11255. Published 5 March 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Jonas JB, Ohno-Matsui K, Spaide RF, Holbach L, Panda-Jonas S. Macular Bruch’s membrane holes in high myopia: associated with gamma zone and delta zone of parapapillary region. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2013;54:1295–302.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Heine L. Beiträge zur Anatomie des myopischen Auges. Arch Augenheilkd. 1899;38:277–90.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Panda-Jonas S, Xu L, Yang H, Wang YX, Jonas SB, Jonas JB. Optic disc morphology in young patients after antiglaucomatous filtering surgery. Acta Ophthalmol. 2013. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2012.02570.x. [Epub ahead of print].

  23. Jonas JB, Jonas SB. Histomorphometry of the circular arterial ring of Zinn-Haller in normal and glaucomatous eyes. Acta Ophthalmol. 2010;88:e317–22.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Vurgese S, Panda-Jonas S, Jonas JB. Sclera thickness in human globes and its relations to age, axial length and glaucoma. PLoS One. 2012;7:e29692.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany

    Jost B. Jonas MD

  2. Department of Ophthalmology, Universitäts-Augenklinik, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany

    Jost B. Jonas MD

Authors
  1. Jost B. Jonas MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jost B. Jonas MD .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Vitreous, Retina, Macula Consultants of New York, New York, New York, USA

    Richard F. Spaide

  2. Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan

    Kyoko Ohno-Matsui

  3. Department of Clinical Ophthalmology, Columbia University School of Medicine, LuEsther T. Mertz Retinal Research Center, New York, New York, USA

    Lawrence A. Yannuzzi

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Jonas, J.B. (2014). The Optic Nerve Head in High Myopia. In: Spaide, R., Ohno-Matsui, K., Yannuzzi, L. (eds) Pathologic Myopia. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8338-0_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8338-0_10

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-8337-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-8338-0

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation