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Tropical Infectious Diseases and the Kidney

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Core Concepts in Parenchymal Kidney Disease

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Abstract

Infectious and parasitic diseases are important morbidity factors and mortality causes, accounting for more than 13 million deaths a year—one in two deaths in developing countries. Despite health providing expansion throughout, large populations are still at risk in many areas of Asia, the Middle East, Africa, and the Americas. In many such populations, coexistence with HIV/AIDS has complicated diagnosis and treatment approaches, generating challenging epidemiologic dilemmas: over 33 million people currently live with HIV/AIDS worldwide. Tuberculosis, specially, poses new challenges, as nearly two billion people may have latent disease, many times in association with HIV/AIDS infection. Malaria kills over one million people per year—a majority of them young children. Most malaria deaths occur in Africa, where it accounts for one in five of all childhood deaths—women are especially vulnerable during pregnancy. Many such illnesses may be accompanied by acute or chronic kidney involvement. Acute kidney injury (AKI) and tubulointerstitial defects are frequently observed in the course of leptospirosis, malaria, and some viral hemorrhagic fevers. All known varieties of glomerular lesions have been observed, with clinical presentations ranging from mild proteinuria or hematuria to the nephrotic syndrome. Tubular dysfunction may also occur, particularly in visceral leishmaniasis and leprosy, where distal tubular acidosis may be an early clinical expression of the disease. To summarize, almost every known infectious and parasitic disease may present with kidney involvement, varying from mild to extreme, additionally burdening overwhelmed public health services.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Internal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil

    Elizabeth De Francesco Daher M.D., Ph.D.

  2. Department of Internal Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil

    Geraldo Bezerra da Silva Junior M.D., M.Sc.

  3. Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

    Elvino Barros M.D., M.Sc.

  4. Hospital São Lucas da PUCRS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

    Domingos O. d’Avila M.D., Ph.D.

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  1. Elizabeth De Francesco Daher M.D., Ph.D.
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  2. Geraldo Bezerra da Silva Junior M.D., M.Sc.
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  3. Elvino Barros M.D., M.Sc.
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Correspondence to Domingos O. d’Avila M.D., Ph.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Div. Nephrology & Hypertension, Mayo Clinic Dept. Internal Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA

    Fernando C. Fervenza

  2. Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    Julie Lin

  3. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA

    Sanjeev Sethi

  4. Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    Ajay K. Singh

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De Francesco Daher, E., da Silva Junior, G.B., Barros, E., d’Avila, D.O. (2014). Tropical Infectious Diseases and the Kidney. In: Fervenza, F., Lin, J., Sethi, S., Singh, A. (eds) Core Concepts in Parenchymal Kidney Disease. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8166-9_12

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