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Trademarks and Trade Dress

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Intellectual Property in Consumer Electronics, Software and Technology Startups

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Abstract

Use of symbols or signatures to identify the source of goods has been around since people first started trading and selling goods such as pottery, weapons, and clothing thousands of years ago. The purpose of these marks, to indicate the product’s source, has not changed to this day. What has changed, especially in the last one hundred years, is the protection afforded to trademarks. Currently, the United States protects trademarks under the Trademark or Lanham Act, state law, and common law.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    U.S. Registration No. 3,078,580. Owner: Apple Computers, Inc.

  2. 2.

    U.S. Registration No. 3,341,214. Owner: Apple, Inc.

  3. 3.

    U.S. Registration Nos. 1,875,307; 1,931,937 and 1,817,919. Owner: Nike, Inc.

  4. 4.

    U.S. Registration No. 0,916,522. Owner: NBC Universal Media, LLC.

  5. 5.

    U.S. Registration Nos. 2,402,722; 2,371,084. Owner: 3 M Company.

  6. 6.

    U.S. Registration No. 2,463,044. Owner: Mike Mantel.

  7. 7.

    U.S. Registration No. 3,155,702. Owner: American Wholesale Wine & Spirits, Inc.

  8. 8.

    U.S. Registration No. 1,725,231. Owner: Acer Inc.

  9. 9.

    U.S. Registration Nos. 1,230,438 and 3,148,092. Owner: The Board of Regents of The University of Texas System.

  10. 10.

    In re Oppedahl & Larson LLP, 373 F.3d 1171 (Fed. Cir. 2004).

  11. 11.

    U.S. Registration No. 3,717,043. Owner: Texas Instruments, Inc.

  12. 12.

    U.S. Registration No. 3,736,430. Owner: Exxon Mobil Corp.

  13. 13.

    Jellibeans Inc. v. Skating Clubs of Georgia, Inc., 212 U.S.P.Q. 170 (N.D. Ga. 1981).

  14. 14.

    U.S. Registration No. 1,753,843. Owner: Rolex Watch U.S.A., Inc.

  15. 15.

    U.S. Registration No. 3,510,098. Owner: De Beers.

  16. 16.

    Foreign trademark protection is discussed below in this chapter.

  17. 17.

    International Trademark Association [1]

  18. 18.

    The member countries to the Madrid Protocol include: Albania, Algeria, Antigua and Barbuda, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Bulgaria, China, Columbia, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Denmark, Egypt, Estonia, European Union, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lesotho, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Mexico, Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, New Zealand, Norway, Oman, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Republic of Korea, Republic of Moldova, Romania, Russian Federation, San Marino, San Tome and Principe, Serbia, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sudan, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syrian Arab Republic, Tajikistan, The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uzbekistan, Viet Nam, and Zambia.

  19. 19.

    Member countries include: Austria, Benelux (Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg), Bulgaria, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Portugal, Romania, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom.

  20. 20.

    Ale House Management, Inc. v. Raleigh Ale House, Inc., 205 F.3d 137 (4th Cir. 2000).

  21. 21.

    Bayer Co. v. United Drug Co., 272 F. 505 (S.D.N.Y. 1921).

  22. 22.

    DuPont Cellophane Co., Inc. v. Waxed Products Co., Inc., 85 F.2d 75 (2d Cir. 1936).

  23. 23.

    Dixi-Cola Laboratories v. Coca-Cola Co., 117 F.2d 352 (4th Cir. 1941).

  24. 24.

    Hunt Masters, Inc. v. Landry’s Seafood Rest., Inc., 240 F.3d 251 (4th Cir. 2001).

  25. 25.

    Spang v. Marzall, 104 F. Supp. 126 (D.D.C. 1952).

  26. 26.

    Dryice Corp. of Am. v. Louisiana Dry Ice Corp., 54 F.2d 882 (5th Cir. 1932).

  27. 27.

    Haughton Elevator Co. v. Seeberger, 85 U.S.P.Q. 80 (Comm'r. Pat. 1950).

  28. 28.

    In re Cooperativa Produttori Latte E Fontina Valle D'Acosta, 230 USPQ 131 (TTAB 1986).

  29. 29.

    Raizk v. Southland Corp., 121 Ariz. 497, 499 (Ariz. Ct. App. 1978).

  30. 30.

    Genesee Brewing v. Stroh Brewing, 124 F.3d 137 (2d Cir. 1997).

  31. 31.

    Henry Heide, Inc. v. George Ziegler Co., 354 F.2d 574 (7th Cir. 1965).

  32. 32.

    Miller Brewing Co. v. G. Heileman Brewing Co., Inc., 561 F. 2d 75, 79-81 (7th Cir. 1977).

  33. 33.

    American Montessori Society, Inc. v. Association Montessori Internationale, 155 U.S.P.Q. 591 (1967).

  34. 34.

    Murphy Door Bed Co., Inc. v. Interior Sleep Systems, Inc., 874 F.2d 95, 101 (2d Cir. 1989).

  35. 35.

    Novartis Consumer Health, Inc. v. McNeil-PPC, Inc., 1999 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 20981 (D.N.J. 1999).

  36. 36.

    Loctite Corp. v. National Starch & Chem. Co., 516 F.Supp. 190 (S.D.N.Y. 1981).

  37. 37.

    Surgicenters of America, Inc. v. Medical Dental Surgeries, Co., 601 F.2d 1011 (9th Cir. 1979).

  38. 38.

    U.S. Registration No. 0,737,312. Owner: AT&T Co. Canceled March 13, 1984.

  39. 39.

    Nissen Trampoline Co. v. American Trampoline Co., 193 F. Supp. 745 (S.D. Iowa 1961).

  40. 40.

    U.S. Registration No. 1,042,499. Owner: United States Postal Service. Expired: April 7, 1997.

Reference

  1. International Trademark Association, The Madrid Protocol: Impact of U.S. Adherence on Trademark Law and Practice, at p. 1 (Revised April 2003).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Volpe and Koenig, P.C., 30 S. 17th Street, Suite 1800, United Plaza, Philadelphia, 19103, USA

    Gerald B. Halt Jr., John C. Donch & Amber R. Stiles

  2. Fesnak and Associates, LLP, 1777 Sentry Parkway West, Dublin Hall, Suite 300, Blue Bell, PA, 19422, USA

    Robert Fesnak

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  1. Gerald B. Halt Jr.
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  2. Robert Fesnak
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  3. John C. Donch
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  4. Amber R. Stiles
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Correspondence to Gerald B. Halt Jr. .

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Halt, G.B., Fesnak, R., Donch, J.C., Stiles, A.R. (2014). Trademarks and Trade Dress. In: Intellectual Property in Consumer Electronics, Software and Technology Startups. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7912-3_3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7912-3_3

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