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Oxidative Stress and Hormetic Responses in the Early Life of Birds

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Adaptive and Maladaptive Aspects of Developmental Stress

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Neurotoxicity ((Current Topics Neurotoxicity,volume 3))

Abstract

Understanding the physiological processes underlying the long-term effects of early life environmental conditions on Darwinian fitness is of central importance to evolutionary ecology, biomedical research, and conservation science. In particular, the extent to which early stress exposure is detrimental to fitness may depend on its severity, with mild stress exposure actually having a stimulatory and, possibly, beneficial effect through a hormetic response to the stressful stimulus. Oxidative stress is an aspect of stress physiology that has received comparatively less attention than hormones when considering the long-term effects of early life conditions. We therefore need to combine hormesis and oxidative stress in order to better understand how the early environment can help shape a phenotype adapted to the conditions it is most likely to experience in its adult environment. This chapter aims to discuss how hormones and nutrients can shape the redox machinery of the embryo and its future susceptibility to oxidative stress; how hormesis might provide a mechanistic framework for interpreting the long-term effects of early exposure to various stressor magnitudes; and how to reconcile discrepancies among studies. Examples from avian research are especially emphasised throughoutthechapter, notably because avian models may have many advantages over mammalian models when addressing the (mal)adaptive effects of early life experiences on adultphenotype.

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Acknowledgements

I thank Shona Smith, Valeria Marasco, and two anonymous reviewers for valuable comments that helped me improve the presentation of the manuscript. During manuscript preparation, I was supported by a NERC postdoctoral fellowship (NE/G013888/1).

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  1. Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute for Biodiversity, College of Medical, University of Glasgow, Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK

    David Costantini

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  1. Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 299 Viale Regina Elena, Rome, 00161, Italy

    Giovanni Laviola

  2. Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 299 Viale Regina Elena, Rome, 00161, Italy

    Simone Macrì

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Costantini, D. (2013). Oxidative Stress and Hormetic Responses in the Early Life of Birds. In: Laviola, G., Macrì, S. (eds) Adaptive and Maladaptive Aspects of Developmental Stress. Current Topics in Neurotoxicity, vol 3. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5605-6_13

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