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Gas Flow in Nanochannels

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Encyclopedia of Microfluidics and Nanofluidics

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Synonyms

Free-molecular regime; Internal rarefied gas flows; Slip flow regime; Transitional regime

Definition

Gas flow in nanochannels is distinguished by the regime when a characteristic size of a channel is comparable with the mean free path of gaseous molecules.

Mean free path is the average distance traveled by a gaseous molecule between two successive collisions.

Knudsen number is the ratio of mean free path of gaseous molecules to a typical dimension of gas flow.

Mass flow rate is the mass quantity of gas flowing through a cross section of channel per unit time.

Overview

A typical magnitude of the mean free path ℓ in equilibrium air under the standard conditions is about 5 ⋅ 10−8 m. Thus, if a channel has a cross-sectional size a in the range from 10−9 to 10−7 m, then the Knudsen number Kn = ℓ/a is not so small in order to use the approach based on continuum mechanics. In this case, gas flows must be considered on the kinetic level, i.e., the methods of rarefied gas dynamics...

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil

    Felix Sharipov

Authors
  1. Felix Sharipov
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Felix Sharipov .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada

    Dongqing Li

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Sharipov, F. (2015). Gas Flow in Nanochannels. In: Li, D. (eds) Encyclopedia of Microfluidics and Nanofluidics. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5491-5_615

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