Skip to main content

Policy Coordination Between Wages and Exchange Rates in Singapore

  • Reference work entry
  • First Online:
Encyclopedia of Finance
  • 3641 Accesses

Abstract

Singapore’s unique experience in macroeconomic management involves the government’s engagement in a tripartite collective bargaining and its influence on the macroeconomic policy game in wages and exchange rates in response to inflation and output volatility. The period from the mid-1980s to mid-1990s features the policy game with a Nash equilibrium in the level of wages and exchange rates and a non-Nash equilibrium in wage growth and exchange rate appreciations. Based on the empirical evidence in this period, the models used in this study suggests that wage and exchange-rate policies are a pair of complements both at their levels (Nash equilibrium) and at their percentage changes (non-Nash equilibrium).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 679.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 849.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Agénor, P.R. (1994). “Credibility and exchange rate management in developing countries.” Journal of Development Economics, 45(1): 1–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Abraham, F., De Bruyne, K., and Van der Auwera, I. (2000). “Will wage policy succeed in euro-land? The case of Belgium.” Cahiers Economiques de Bruxelles, 0(168): 443–480.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barro, R.J. and Gordon, D.B. (1983). “Rules, discretion and reputation in a model of monetary policy.” Journal of Monetary Economics, 12: 101–121.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Calmfors, L. (1998). “Macroeconomic policy, wage setting, and employment – what difference does the EMU make?” Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 14(3): 125–151.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carling, R.G. (1995). “Fiscal and monetary policies,” in K. Bercuson (ed.) Singapore: A Case Study in Rapid Development, IMF Occasional Paper 119. Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hahn, F.H. (1983). Money and Inflation. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Karadeloglou, P., Papazoglou, C., and Zombanakis, G. (2000). “Exchange rate vs. supply-side policies as anti-inflationary devices: a comparative analysis for the case of Greece.” Archives of Economic History, 11: 47–61.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lawler, P. (2000). “Union wage setting and exchange rate policy.” Economica, 67: 91–100.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Low, V. (1994) “The MAS model: structure and some policy simulations,” in Outlook for the Singapore Economy. Singapore: Trans Global Publishing, pp. 20–32 (Chapter 3).

    Google Scholar 

  • Nickell, S.J. and Andrews, M. (1983). “Unions, Real Wages and Employment in Britain, 1951–79.” Oxford Economic Papers, 35 (Supplement): 183–206.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oswald, A.J. (1985). “The economic theory of trade unions: an introductory survey.” Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 87(2): 160–193.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Otani, I. and Sassanpour, C. (1988). “Financial, exchange rate, and wage policies in Singapore, 1979–86.” International Monetary Fund Staff Papers, 35(3): 474–495.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Perry, G.L. (1967). “Wages and the guideposts.” American Economic Review, 57(3): 897–904.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schultz, G.P. and Aliber, R.Z. (1966). Guidelines: Formal Controls and Marketplace. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Teh, K.P. and Shanmugaratnam, T. (1992). “Exchange rate policy: philosophy and conduct over the past decade,” in L. Low and M.H. Toh (eds.) Public Policies in Singapore: Changes in the 1980s and Future Signposts. Singapore: Times Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu, Y. (1999). “Macroeconomic cooperation of exchange rate and wage movements under quasi-sterilization: Singapore experience.” Pacific Economic Review, 4(2): 195–212.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wu, Y. (2004). “Singapore’s collective bargaining in a game of wage and exchange rate policies.” Open Economies Review, 15(3): 273–289.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ying Wu .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this entry

Cite this entry

Wu, Y. (2013). Policy Coordination Between Wages and Exchange Rates in Singapore. In: Lee, CF., Lee, A. (eds) Encyclopedia of Finance. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5360-4_48

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5360-4_48

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-5359-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-5360-4

  • eBook Packages: Business and Economics

Publish with us

Policies and ethics