Abstract
Singapore’s unique experience in macroeconomic management involves the government’s engagement in a tripartite collective bargaining and its influence on the macroeconomic policy game in wages and exchange rates in response to inflation and output volatility. The period from the mid-1980s to mid-1990s features the policy game with a Nash equilibrium in the level of wages and exchange rates and a non-Nash equilibrium in wage growth and exchange rate appreciations. Based on the empirical evidence in this period, the models used in this study suggests that wage and exchange-rate policies are a pair of complements both at their levels (Nash equilibrium) and at their percentage changes (non-Nash equilibrium).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Agénor, P.R. (1994). “Credibility and exchange rate management in developing countries.” Journal of Development Economics, 45(1): 1–16.
Abraham, F., De Bruyne, K., and Van der Auwera, I. (2000). “Will wage policy succeed in euro-land? The case of Belgium.” Cahiers Economiques de Bruxelles, 0(168): 443–480.
Barro, R.J. and Gordon, D.B. (1983). “Rules, discretion and reputation in a model of monetary policy.” Journal of Monetary Economics, 12: 101–121.
Calmfors, L. (1998). “Macroeconomic policy, wage setting, and employment – what difference does the EMU make?” Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 14(3): 125–151.
Carling, R.G. (1995). “Fiscal and monetary policies,” in K. Bercuson (ed.) Singapore: A Case Study in Rapid Development, IMF Occasional Paper 119. Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund.
Hahn, F.H. (1983). Money and Inflation. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
Karadeloglou, P., Papazoglou, C., and Zombanakis, G. (2000). “Exchange rate vs. supply-side policies as anti-inflationary devices: a comparative analysis for the case of Greece.” Archives of Economic History, 11: 47–61.
Lawler, P. (2000). “Union wage setting and exchange rate policy.” Economica, 67: 91–100.
Low, V. (1994) “The MAS model: structure and some policy simulations,” in Outlook for the Singapore Economy. Singapore: Trans Global Publishing, pp. 20–32 (Chapter 3).
Nickell, S.J. and Andrews, M. (1983). “Unions, Real Wages and Employment in Britain, 1951–79.” Oxford Economic Papers, 35 (Supplement): 183–206.
Oswald, A.J. (1985). “The economic theory of trade unions: an introductory survey.” Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 87(2): 160–193.
Otani, I. and Sassanpour, C. (1988). “Financial, exchange rate, and wage policies in Singapore, 1979–86.” International Monetary Fund Staff Papers, 35(3): 474–495.
Perry, G.L. (1967). “Wages and the guideposts.” American Economic Review, 57(3): 897–904.
Schultz, G.P. and Aliber, R.Z. (1966). Guidelines: Formal Controls and Marketplace. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Teh, K.P. and Shanmugaratnam, T. (1992). “Exchange rate policy: philosophy and conduct over the past decade,” in L. Low and M.H. Toh (eds.) Public Policies in Singapore: Changes in the 1980s and Future Signposts. Singapore: Times Academic Press.
Wu, Y. (1999). “Macroeconomic cooperation of exchange rate and wage movements under quasi-sterilization: Singapore experience.” Pacific Economic Review, 4(2): 195–212.
Wu, Y. (2004). “Singapore’s collective bargaining in a game of wage and exchange rate policies.” Open Economies Review, 15(3): 273–289.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this entry
Cite this entry
Wu, Y. (2013). Policy Coordination Between Wages and Exchange Rates in Singapore. In: Lee, CF., Lee, A. (eds) Encyclopedia of Finance. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5360-4_48
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5360-4_48
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-5359-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-5360-4
eBook Packages: Business and Economics