Abstract
Flow cytometry is a powerful tool for analyzing multiple parameters of individual cells and facilitating the identification of different cell types within heterogeneous populations. This technique has already become a routine method for diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of patients with many types of disorders and a crucial tool for accurately analyzing frequencies and relative values of cellular antigen expression. However, there are many technical obstacles involved in flow cytometric testing. This chapter provides an optimized immunostaining procedure with procedural variation for specific situations and a troubleshooting checklist.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Perfetto SP, Chattopadhyay PK, Roederer M. Seventeen-colour flow cytometry: unraveling the immune system. Nat Rev Immunol. 2004;4:648–55.
Wood BL, Arroz M, Barnett D, et al. 2006 Bethesda international consensus recommendations on the immunophenotypic analysis of hematolymphoid neoplasia by flow cytometry: optimal reagents and reporting for the flow cytometric diagnosis of hematopoietic neoplasia. Cytometry B Clin Cytom. 2007;72B:S14–22.
Watson JV. The early fluidic and optical physics of cytometry. Cytometry. 1999;38:2–4.
BD. LSRFortessa cell analyzer: an innovative and proven platform for multicolor analysis up to 18 colors detection. http://www.bdbiosciences.com/instruments/lsr/index.jsp. Accessed 31 Mar 2011.
Chattopadhyay PK, Price DA, Harper TF, et al. Quantum dot semiconductor nanocrystals for immunophenotyping by polychromatic flow cytometry. Nat Med. 2006;12:972–7.
Zola H, Swart B, Banham A, et al. Nomenclature: CD molecules 2006 - Human cell differentiation molecules. J Immunol Methods. 2007;319:1–5.
Sharpiro HM. Practical flow cytometry. 4th ed. Hoboken: Wiley-Liss; 2003.
Stelzer GT, Shults KE, Loken MR. CD45 gating for routine flow cytometric analysis of human bone marrow specimens. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1993;677:265–80.
Sun T, Sangaline R, Ryder J, et al. Gating strategy for immunopheno-typing of leukemia and lymphoma. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Sun%20T%20and%201997%20and%20gating. Am J Clin Pathol. 1997;108(2):152–7.
Center for International Blood and Bone Marrow Transplant Research Web site. http://www.cibmtr.org/pages/index.aspx. Accessed 31 Mar 2011.
Keeney M, Gratama JW, Sutherland DR. Critical role of flow cytometry in evaluating peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cell grafts. Cytometry A. 2004;58:72–5.
Sutherland RA, Keeney M, Gratama JW. Enumeration of CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. In: Current protocols cytometry. New York: John Wiley; 2003. 6.4.1–6.4.23.
Wu H-K. Measuring biomarkers: measurement of cancer biomarkers by flow cytometry and molecular technology. FOCUS-PharmaNet Oncol. 2011;3:28–31.
Hengel RL, Nicholson JK. A update on the use of flow cytometry in HIV infection and AIDS. Clin Lab Med. 2001;21:841–56.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1993 revised classification system for HIV infection and expanded surveillance case definition for AIDS among adolescents and adults. JAMA. 1993;269:729–30.
Yeni PG, Hammer SM, Carpenter CC, et al. Antiretroviral treatment for adult HIV infection in 2002: updated recommendations of the International AIDS Society-USA Panel. JAMA. 2002;288:222–35.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Guidelines for performing single-platform absolute CD4+ T-cell determinations with CD45 gating for persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2003;52(RR-2):1–13.
Dunphy CH. Application of flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry to diagnostic hematopathology. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2004;128:1004–22.
Craig FE, Foon KA. Flow cytometric immunophenotyping for hematologic neoplasms. Blood. 2008;111:3941–67.
Braylan RC, Orfao A, Borowitz MJ, Davis BH. Optimal number of reagents required to evaluate hematolymphoid neoplasias: results of an international consensus meeting. Cytometry B. 2001;46:23–7.
To LB, Haylock DN, Simmons PJ, et al. The biology and clinical uses of blood stem cells. Blood. 1997;89:2233–58.
Bensinger WI, Longin K, Appelbaum F, et al. Peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) collected after recombinant granulocyte colony stimulating factor (rhG-CSF): an analysis of factors correlating with the tempo of engraftment after transplantation. Br J Haematol. 1994;87:825–31.
Merkel DE, Dressler LG, McGuire WL. Flow cytometry, cellular DNA content and prognosis in human malignancy. J Clin Oncol. 1987;5:1690–703.
Hedley DW, Clark GM, Cornelisse CJ, et al. Consensus review of the clinical utility of DNA cytometry in carcinoma of the breast. Report of the DNA Cytometry Consensus Conference. Cytometry. 1993;14:482–5.
Nguyen DT, Diamond LW, Braylan RC. FCM immunophenotyping and DNA analysis: practical aspects that can affect data analysis and interpretation. In: Nguyen DT, Diamond LW, Braylan RC, editors. Flow cytometry in hematopathology. 2nd ed. Totowa: Humana Press; 2007. p. 13–42.
Brown PD, Diamant M, Jensen PO, et al. S-phase induction by interleukin-6 followed by chemotherapy in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma. 1999;34:325–33.
Flow cytometry checklist 2010 of College of American Pathologist’s Laboratory Accreditation Program. Northfield: College of American Pathologist (CAP); 2010. p. 1–36.
Gratama JW, Kraan J, Keeney M, et al. Enumeration of immunologically defined cell populations by flow cytometry; approved guidelines, vol. 27, H42-A2. 2nd ed. Wayne: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI); 2007. p. 1–71.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Wu, HK., Chen, H., Hu, P.C. (2012). Basic Theories and Clinical Applications of Molecular Flow Cytometry. In: Hu, P., Hegde, M., Lennon, P. (eds) Modern Clinical Molecular Techniques. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-2170-2_22
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-2170-2_22
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-2169-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-2170-2
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)