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Treatment of Chronic Painful Musculoskeletal Injuries and Diseases with Regenerative Injection Therapy (RIT): Regenerative Injection Therapy Principles and Practice

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Comprehensive Treatment of Chronic Pain by Medical, Interventional, and Integrative Approaches

Abstract

Regenerative injection therapy (RIT), also known as prolotherapy or sclerotherapy, is a treatment for chronic musculoskeletal pain caused by connective tissue diathesis utilizing chemical or biologic substances. Steroidal and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications are useful in degenerative disease processes with concomitant inflammatory changes or fibrosis which tethers adjacent structures such as nerves or tendons. In such instances, hydrodissection with injectates containing corticosteroid may also prove useful. RIT is a viable, type-specific treatment for chronic conditions that involve collagen destruction or degeneration. Multiple controlled and uncontrolled studies indicated effectiveness of RIT in treating painful degenerative musculoskeletal conditions.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to extend their special thanks to Jacqueline Ferreira for invaluable help in the preparation of this manuscript and Tracey James for preparation of the illustrations.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Osteopathic Principles and Practice, Nova Southeastern University of Osteopathic Medicine, Clearwater, FL, USA

    Felix S. Linetsky M.D.

  2. Sports Medicine Unit, University of Umea, Gosta Skoglunds Vag 3, Umea, 90738, Sweden

    Hakan Alfredson M.D., Ph.D.

  3. Regenerative Medicine, Crane Clinic Sports Medicine, 219 Chesterfield Towne Center, Chesterfield, MO, 63005, USA

    David Crane M.D.

  4. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Pain Medicine, Regenerative Medicine, Centeno-Schultz Clinic, 403 Summit Blvd, Broomfield, CO, 80021, USA

    Christopher J. Centeno M.D.

Authors
  1. Felix S. Linetsky M.D.
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  2. Hakan Alfredson M.D., Ph.D.
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  3. David Crane M.D.
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  4. Christopher J. Centeno M.D.
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Felix S. Linetsky M.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. The Center for Pain Relief, Inc., West Virginia University, 400 Court Street, Suite 100, Charleston, 25301, West Virginia, USA

    Timothy R. Deer

  2. Stanford Pain Management Center, Redwood City, CA, Clinic Chief, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, 94065, California, USA

    Michael S. Leong

  3. Department of Anesthesiology, Rush Medical College, Professor, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, 60612, Illinois, USA

    Asokumar Buvanendran

  4. Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, 17033-0850, Pennsylvania, USA

    Vitaly Gordin

  5. Center for Interventional Pain and Spine, Newark, DE USA, Medical Director, Bryn Mawr Hospital, Bryn Mawr, 19010, Pennsylvania, USA

    Philip S. Kim

  6. President, National Institute of Pain, Tampa, 33558, Florida, USA

    Sunil J. Panchal

  7. The LITE Center, Clinical Associate Professor, Medical Director, School of Medicine, Miami, 33143, Florida, USA

    Albert L. Ray

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© 2013 American Academy of Pain Medicine

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Linetsky, F.S., Alfredson, H., Crane, D., Centeno, C.J. (2013). Treatment of Chronic Painful Musculoskeletal Injuries and Diseases with Regenerative Injection Therapy (RIT): Regenerative Injection Therapy Principles and Practice. In: Deer, T., et al. Comprehensive Treatment of Chronic Pain by Medical, Interventional, and Integrative Approaches. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1560-2_81

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