Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Gustav Stolper: Mentor of a Young German Democrat

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
The Beginnings of Scholarly Economic Journalism

Abstract

This paper examines Lilo Linke, “ein demokratisch beschwingtes Berliner Kind” on her life’s journey from Weimar republican Berlin into exile via London to South America.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    Toni Stolper on the cover of: Auszüge aus Briefen an eine Freundin [i.e., Lilo Linke, S. W.], Gustav Stolper, letters to Lilo Linke, 1933–1947, August 1961, Stolper papers, NL 186/000065, fol. 1, Bundesarchiv, Koblenz.

  2. 2.

    Toni Stolper, Ein Leben in Brennpunkten unserer Zeit, Wien, Berlin, New York, Gustav Stolper 1888–1947, Tübingen 1960, p. 334.

  3. 3.

    Margaret Storm Jameson, Journey from the North, vol. 1, London 1969, p. 275.

  4. 4.

    Ibid. p. 275f; Storm Jameson, Introduction to Lilo Linke, Tale Without End, New York 1934, p. XVII f, Mowrer was right in a very personal sense: in mortal danger he had to leave Berlin overnight on August 1, 1933, see: Gustav Stolper, letters to, August 31, 1933, NL Stolper 185/65, fol. 1.

  5. 5.

    Ibid. p. XVIII.

  6. 6.

    Catherine Clay, British Women Writers 1914–1945, Professional Work and Friendship, Aldershot 2006, p. 169.

  7. 7.

    See Martin Ceadel, Pacifism in Britain 1914–1945 The Defining of a Faith, Oxford 1980; Paul Berry and Marc Bostridge, Vera Brittain, A Life, London 1995, p. 350, 353–354.

  8. 8.

    Storm Jameson, journey, vol. I, p. 382f.

  9. 9.

    Phyllis Lassner, A Cry for Life: Storm Jameson, Stevie Smith, and the Fate of Europe’s Jews, in: Holsinger, Paul. M. and Schofield, A. M., ed.: Visions of War: World War II in Popular Literature and Culture, Bowling Green, Ohio 1992, p. 182.

  10. 10.

    Storm Jameson, Journey, vol. I, p. 274.

  11. 11.

    Dienstag-Kreis: see: Harro Mold, Hegemonialbestrebungen der deutschen Außenpolitik in den letzten Jahren der Weimarer Republik, Gustav Stolpers “Dienstag-Kreis”, in: Jahrbuch des Instituts für Deutsche Geschichte, Walter Grab, ed. Tel Aviv 1976, p. 419–448; Toni Stolper, Ein Leben, p. 204; Stegerwald-Kreis: see ibid. p. 290.

  12. 12.

    Storm Jameson, Journey, vol. II, p. 216.

  13. 13.

    Storm Jameson Journey, vol. I, p. 276.

  14. 14.

    Lilo Linke, Restless Days, A German Girl’s Autobiography, New York 1935, p. 83; Lilo Linke, Restless Flags A German Girl’s Autobiography, London 1935; Lilo Linke, Tage der Unrast. Von Berlin ins Exil: ein deutsches Mädchenleben 1914–1933. Mit einem Nachwort und herausgegeben von Karl Holl, Bremen 2005.

  15. 15.

    Ibid. p. 100.

  16. 16.

    Ibid. p. 285f.

  17. 17.

    Lilo Linke, Restless, p. 353ff; Modris Eksteins, The Limits of Reason, The German Democratic Press and the Collapse of Weimar Democracy, Oxford 1975, p. 120.

  18. 18.

    Lilo Linke, Restless, p. 103.

  19. 19.

    Willy Hellpach, see: Claudia-Anja Kaune, Willy Hellpach (1877–1955), Biographie eines liberalen Politikers in der Weimarer Republik, Frankfurt a. M. 2005; Christian Jansen, Antiliberalismus und Antiparlamentarismus in der bürgerlich-demokratischen Elite der Weimarer Republik, Willy Hellpach Publizist der Jahre 1925–1933, in: Zeitschrift für Geschichtswissenschaft 49, 2001.

  20. 20.

    Minutes of the DDP executive meeting, January 23, 1926, in: Quellen zur Geschichte des Parlamentarismus und der politischen Parteien, vol, 5, Karl Dietrich Bracher, Erich Matthias und Rudolf Morsey, ed., Linksliberalismus in der Weimarer Republik, Die Führungsgremien der Deutschen Demokratischen Partei und der Deutschen Staatspartei 1918–1933, eingeleitet von Lothar Albertin, p. 361, Düsseldorf 1980.

  21. 21.

    Toni Stolper to Karl Holl, in: Karl Holl, Lilo Linke (1906–1963) von der Weimarer Jungdemokratin zur Sozialreporterin in Lateinamerka, Materialien zu einer Biographie, in: Exilforschung, Ein internationales Jahrbuch, vol. 5, 1987, Fluchtpunkte des Exils und andere Themen, p. 70.

  22. 22.

    Toni Stolper, Ein Leben, p. 189.

  23. 23.

    Ibid. p. 190f.

  24. 24.

    This goes specially for the Kassowitz family, i.e. Toni Stolper’s family, Gustav Stolper’s father migrated from Galicia to Vienna.

  25. 25.

    Fritz Bade (economist at Kiel university, co-author of Der Deutsche Volkswirt), Gustav Stolper, in: Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, vol. 62, Kiel (1949) I, p. 3.

  26. 26.

    Ibid.

  27. 27.

    Wolfgang Stolper, Staat und Wirtschaft, Die Tragödie von Weimar, in: Institut für Weltwirtschaft, no. 41, Kiel, October 3, 1968, p. 89.

  28. 28.

    See a similar commentary of Gustav Stolper’s lifelong friend Theodor Heuss, in: Heinz Rieter, Der Deutsche Volkswirt 1926–1933, Eine Fallstudie zur publizistischen Umsetzung wirtschaftspolitischer Konzeptionen, Sonderdruck aus: Studien zur Entwicklung der ökonomischen Theorie XVII, Die Umsetzung wirtschaftspolitischer Grundkonzeptionen in die kontinentaleuropäische Praxis des 19. Und 20. Jahrhunderts, part 2,.Erich W. Streissler, ed., Berlin, (1997) p. 121; close friendship of the Stolper and Heuss families, see: Theodor Heuss, Tagebuchbriefe 1955–1963, Eine Auswahl aus Briefen an Toni Stolper, Eberhard Pikart, ed., Tübingen and Stuttgart 1970.

  29. 29.

    It could not be clarified if this was the official or the secret statistics.

  30. 30.

    Rieter, p. 111ff; Toni Stolper, Ein Leben, p, 196ff; Hans Jörg Klausinger, Gustav Stolper, Der Deutsche Volkswirt, and the Controversy on Economic Policy at the End of the Weimar Republic, in: History of Political Economy, 33:2, Duke University, 2001, p. 242f.

  31. 31.

    See footnote 9.

  32. 32.

    Toni Stolper, Ein Leben, p. 290f.

  33. 33.

    Knut Hansen, Demokrat zwischen Wirtschaft und Politik – der Publizist Gustav Stolper (1888–1947), in: Liberal, Vierteljahreshefte für Politik und Kultur, vol. 1, Februar 1995, 37th year, p. 69.

  34. 34.

    See: Peter Kurth, American Cassandra, The Life of Dorothy Thompson, Boston, Toronto, London 1990; Dorothy Thompson, Kassandra spricht, Antifaschistische Publizistik 1932–1942, Leipzig and Weimar 1988.

  35. 35.

    Lilo Linke, Restless, p. 385.

  36. 36.

    Toni Stolper, personal notes, no date, property of Karl Holl, Bremen.

  37. 37.

    Toni Stolper, Ein Leben, p. 430.

  38. 38.

    Ibid. p. 238.

  39. 39.

    Bertold Weinsberg, Erinnerungen an Lilo Linke, in: Informaciones Revista Israelita, Quito, June 15, 1963, p. 5.

  40. 40.

    Die wirtschaftlich – soziale Weltanschauung der Demokratie, Programmrede von Dr. Gustav Stolper auf dem Mannheimer Parteitag der Deutschen Demokratischen Partei am 5. Oktober 1929, Berlin 1929.

  41. 41.

    Ibid.; Hansen; Rieter; Toni Stolper, Ein Leben, p. 223; Lilo Linke, Restless, p. 388.

  42. 42.

    Ibid. p. 387.

  43. 43.

    Toni Stolper, personal notes.

  44. 44.

    See: Storm Jameson, Journey, vol. 1, p. 270f; Storm Jameson, in : Lilo Linke, Tale, p. XIff; Lilo Linke, Restless, p. 299.

  45. 45.

    A study of Lilo Linke’s character, see: Storm Jameson, Journey, vol. I, p. 308–313.

  46. 46.

    Storm Jameson, in: Lilo Linke, Tale, p. XII.

  47. 47.

    Toni Stolper, personal notes.

  48. 48.

    Hildegard Feidel-Merz, in: Christine Wittrock, Die Akademie für Arbeit in Frankfurt am Main und ihre Absolventen, Frankfurt a.M. 1991, p. 8, reference to Lilo’s immatriculation for 1930/1931, p. 63; Die Akademie der Arbeit in der Universität Frankfurt am Main 1921–1931, zu ihrem zehnjährigen Bestehen im Auftrag des Dozenten-Kollegiums, Ernst Michel, ed., Frankfurt 1931; Otto Antrick, Die Akademie der Arbeit in der Universität Frankfurt A.M., Idee, Werden, Gestalt, Darmstadt 1966; Frankfurter Zeitung, May 3, 1931, 2nd morning edition, Ernst Michel, Zehn Jahre Akademie der Arbeit; Generalanzeiger der Stadt Frankfurt, May 2, 1931.

  49. 49.

    Lilo Linke, Restless, p. 395.

  50. 50.

    Lilo Linke to Toni Stolper, May 21, 1930, Toni Stolper Collection, box 5, general correspondence L – O, Leo Baeck Institute, New York.

  51. 51.

    Stolper papers, NL 186/116, fol. 1.

  52. 52.

    Toni Stolper, personal notes.

  53. 53.

    Lilo Linke, Restless, p. 407.

  54. 54.

    Gustav Stolper, Was nun? Der deutsche Volkswirt, 6, 45, quote: Klausinger, p. 259.

  55. 55.

    Der Deutsche Volkswirt, Zeitschrift für Politik und Wirtschaft, 7. Jahrg. Nr. 21, Berlin, 24. 2. 33, p. 1.

  56. 56.

    Toni Stolper, Ein Leben, p. 315.

  57. 57.

    Toni Stolper to Clemens Lammers, May 18, 1948, Stolper papers, NL 186 vol. 1, Bundesarchiv, Koblenz.

  58. 58.

    Toni Stolper, Ein Leben, p. 318ff.

  59. 59.

    Lilo Linke, Restless, p. 432.

  60. 60.

    Gustav Stolper to Paul Neumann, July 5, 1933, Stolper papers, NL/1168, vol. 28, Bundesarchiv, Koblenz.

  61. 61.

    Lilo Linke, Restless, p. 423.

  62. 62.

    See: Theodor Heuss, closest friend of Stolper and direct witness to the events to Dr. Franz Reuter, one of the Aryanizers who acted on behalf of Hjalmar Schacht, May 12, 1948, Stolper papers NL 186/116, vol. 1, Bundesarchiv, Koblenz.

  63. 63.

    Toni Stolper to Clemens Lammers, May 18, 1948, see footnote 60.

  64. 64.

    Gustav Stolper to Lilo Linke, letters to a friend, July 17, 1933, Stolper papers, NL 186/65 fol. 1, Bundesarchiv, Koblenz; nature, scope and source of the letters, see the following text; Gustav Stolper’s American years, see: Joachim Radkau, Die Deutsche Emigration in den USA, Ihr Einfluß auf die amerikanische Europapolitik, 1933–1945, Düsseldorf, 1971.

  65. 65.

    Lilo Linke to Toni Stolper, January 3, 1956, Toni Stolper collection, box 5, general correspondence L – O, Leo Baeck Institute, New York.

  66. 66.

    Gustav Stolper, letters to, September 29, 1933.

  67. 67.

    Ibid. September 21, 1933.

  68. 68.

    Ibid. July 14, 1934.

  69. 69.

    Ibid. September 30, 1940.

  70. 70.

    Ibid. July 1, 1945.

  71. 71.

    Ibid. November 15, 1936; November 14, 1938.

  72. 72.

    ibid. December 13, 1933.

  73. 73.

    Ibid. October 28, 1933.

  74. 74.

    Ibid. April 16, 1936; and Toni Stolper, Ein Leben, p. 377; Toni Stolper conceals the fact that Lilo Linke is the addressee.

  75. 75.

    The exact year is not known, it is either 1930 or the second half of 1932.

  76. 76.

    She asks Toni Stolper to send her teaching materials: Lilo Linke to Toni Stolper March 1, 1949, Toni Stolper collection, box 5, general correspondence L – O, Leo Baeck Institute, New York.

  77. 77.

    Harold Strauss, in: The New York Times Book Review, August 12, 1934, New York.

  78. 78.

    See: footnote 14.

  79. 79.

    John Chamberlain, New York Times Book Review, April 7, 1935; New York Times, April 9, 1935; Neuer Vorwärts, Sozialdemokratisches Wochenblatt, June 6, 1937.

  80. 80.

    Adolf Lowe, The Price of Liberty, An Essay on Contemporary Britain, London 1937, quote from the 1948 edition, p. 12.

  81. 81.

    The allusion to Sinclair Lewis’ novel of the same title seems to be quite on purpose.

  82. 82.

    See: Martin Ceadel, The ‘King and Country’ Debate, 1933: Student Politics, Pacifism and the Dictators, in The Historical Journal, vol. 22, No. 2. (June, 1979), p. 397–422.

  83. 83.

    Gustav Stolper, letters to, October 20 and 21, 1933; November 18, 1933, September 21, 1938; November 14, 1938.

  84. 84.

    Harrison Brown to Arthur Henderson, October 2, 1933, IO/GER/3/59, National Museum of Labour History, Manchester.

  85. 85.

    See: Wolfgang Langhoff, Die Moorsoldaten, and respectively: Wolfgang Langhoff, Rubber Truncheon Being an account of thirteen month spent in a concentracion camp. Translated from the German by Lilo Linke, foreword by Lion Feuchtwanger, London 1935.

  86. 86.

    Storm Jameson, Journey, vol. I, p. 322.

  87. 87.

    Lilo Linke to William Gillies, December 10, 1933, IO/GER/3/78, National Museum of Labour History, Manchester; William Gillies to Lilo Linke, December 11, 1933, IO/GER/3/79, ibid. visiting card of Lilo Linke with Lansbury’s recommendation to Arthur Henderson, without date, IO/GER/3/59, ibid.; see also: Eugen Max Brehm to Karl Holl, November 10, 1993, property of Karl Holl, Bremen.

  88. 88.

    Gustav Stolper to Lilo Linke, letters to, November 18, 1933.

  89. 89.

    Lilo Linke to Ernst Toller, July 5, 1934; Ernst Toller to Lilo Linke, July 12, 1934, Harry Ransome Humanities Research Center, University of Texas, Austin.

  90. 90.

    Rosalinda von Ossietzky-Palm to Karl Holl, October 22 and 27, 1991, property of Karl Holl, Bremen.

  91. 91.

    See: footnote 6.

  92. 92.

    Storm Jameson to Hilary Newitt Brown, April 28, 1938, in: Margaret Storm Jameson: In Her Own Voice, in: Jennifer Birkett, Chiara Briganti, ed., Margaret Storm Jameson, Writing in Dialogue, Cambridge 2007, p. 180; this volume carries a couple of wrong names and dates!

  93. 93.

    Gustav Stolper, diary, March 28 and 29, 1937, Stolper papers NL 186, vol. 78, Bundesarchiv, Koblenz.

  94. 94.

    Storm Jameson, Journey, vol. I, p. 358.

  95. 95.

    Lilo Linke, Cancel All Vows, London 1938.

  96. 96.

    Robert Neumann, Miniaturen, Lilo Linke, in: Das Neue Tagebuch, vol 25, 6th year, June 18, 1938.

  97. 97.

    Lilo Linke, Allah Dethroned, A Journey through modern Turkey, London, 1937.

  98. 98.

    Gustav Stolper, letters to, November 5, 1933.

  99. 99.

    Lilo Linke, Allah, p. XII.

  100. 100.

    See: H.H. Aderholdt: Heike B. Görtemaker, Ein deutsches Leben, Die Geschichte der Margaret Boveri, München 2005, p. 104f.

  101. 101.

    Hanns Herman Aderholdt, Die Türkei von Heute, Der Deutsche Volkswirt, no. 37, June 10, 1932, p. 1219–1222; ibid. Türkische Wirtschaft, D.D.V., no.40, July 1, 1932, p. 1318–1322; Lilo Linke had known the Aderholdts since Berlin days and met them again in Turkey.

  102. 102.

    Lilo Linke, Social Changes in Turkey on March 4, 1937, published in the Institute’s paper of the same name: vol. 16, no. 4, July 1937, p. 540–563; on the importance of Chatham House, see: Andrea Bosco Cornelia Navari, Chatham House and British Foreign Policy 1919–1945, The Royal Institute of International Affairs During the Inter War Period, London 1994.

  103. 103.

    Lilo Linke, Modern Turkey, in: Hitler’s Route to Baghdad, prepared for the international research section of the Fabian Society, Barbara Ward, ed., London 1939.

  104. 104.

    On December 6, 1938.

  105. 105.

    Hermon Ould to Lilo Linke, October 28, 1938, HRHRC, Austin, Texas.

  106. 106.

    London, New York, Melbourne, Sydney, 1944.

  107. 107.

    Ibid. 1950.

  108. 108.

    Lilo Linke to Hans Joachim Schoeps, December 20, 1946, NL.148 (H.J. Schoeps papers) Lilo Linke, Staatsbibliothek Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Berlin.

  109. 109.

    Ibid. April 10, 1948.

  110. 110.

    Lilo Linke, Wo ist Fred?, Hamburg 1963.

  111. 111.

    Lilo Linke, Ecuador Coutry of Contrasts, London 1954, on behalf of the Royal Institute of International Affairs; Lilo Linke, People of the Amazon, London 1963, published posthumously.

  112. 112.

    Lilo Linke to Toni Stolper, December 31, 1947, Toni Stolper Collection, box 5, general correspondence L – O, Leo Baeck Institute, New York.

  113. 113.

    Gustav Stolper letters to, December 21, 1947.

  114. 114.

    December 31, 1947, Toni Stolper Collection, box 5, general correspondence L – O, Leo Baeck Institute, New York.

  115. 115.

    Letters to, October 31, 1933.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of History, University of Bremen, Schwachhauser Heerstrasse 58, 28209, Bremen, Germany

    Sabine Wenhold (Student)

Authors
  1. Sabine Wenhold
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sabine Wenhold .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Fak. Staatswissenschaften, Lehrst. Finanzwissenschaft/, Universität Erfurt, Nordhäuser Str. 63, Erfurt, 99089, Thüringen, Germany

    Jürgen Georg Backhaus

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Wenhold, S. (2011). Gustav Stolper: Mentor of a Young German Democrat. In: Backhaus, J. (eds) The Beginnings of Scholarly Economic Journalism. The European Heritage in Economics and the Social Sciences. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0079-0_9

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation