Skip to main content

Part of the book series: Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology ((RECT,volume 99))

Abstract

In 1982, the grapevine, one of the most important fruit plants in the world, involved some 10,073,000 ha (Anonymous 1982), 70% being located in Europe. A little more than 100 years ago, in 1868, a small insect (Phylloxera vastatarix) arrived in France from America. It spread and, in a few years, destroyed the entire European vine industry. The lack of any chemicals able to control this pest made grafting the European vine onto the American vine necessary.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Abbattista Gentile I, Soverchia G (1981) Analisi quantitativa del Metalaxyl in pomodoro e vite. La difesa delle piante 1:3–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Abbattista Gentile I, Soverchia G, Milone L (1981) Persistenza del Metalaxyl nell’uva e nel molto. La difesa delle piante 6:343–350.

    Google Scholar 

  • Abbattista Gentile I, Montesano D, Soverchia G (1982) Adsorbimento, migrazione verticale e persistenza del Metalaxyl nel terreno. La difesa delle piante 3:143–158.

    Google Scholar 

  • Andre L, Duval E, Hascoet M (1977) Residue de pesticides sur le raisins. I.I.F. Commision C2 - O.I.V. commision I-III-Paris 1977/3, pp 75–80.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anonymous (1982) Situation de la viticolture dans le monde en 1981. Bull OIV 55:801–834.

    Google Scholar 

  • Austin DJ, Briggs GG (1976) A new extraction method for benomyl residues in soil and its application in movement and persistence studies. Pestic Sci 7:201–210.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barbero L, Tarantola C, Gaia P (1977) Conseguenze enologiche e microbiologiche della difesa antibotritica in viticoltura. Ann Instit Sperim Enol Asti 8:3–29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barbina Taccheo M, Spessotto C, De Paoli M (1982) Controllo della persistenza dei residui di trattamenti antibotritici su uva da tavola frigoconservata. Atti Cony. P. F. “Fitofarmaci e Fitoregolatori” Sub. 8 Cagliari 7–8 Ottobre pp 59–74.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baude FJ, Pease HL, Holt RF (1974) Fate of benomyl on field soil and turf. J Agric Food Chem 22:413–418.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Belasco U, Han JC-Y, Chrzanowski RL, Baude FJ (1981) Metabolism of [1AC] cymoxanil in grapes, potatoes and tomatoes. Pestic Sci 12:355–364.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Benda I (1979) Mikrobiologische untersuchungen uber den einfluss des fungizides Rovral auf das garverhalten der hefeflora von traubenmost. Wein-Wissenschaft 34:73–79.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benda I (1980) Mikrobiologische untersuchungen uber den einfluss des fungizide Sumisclex auf das garverhalten der hefeflora von traubenmost. Wein-Wissenschaft 35:63–67.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bolay A, Crettenand J, Gnaegi F, Schopfer JF (1972) Les fongicides systémiques dans la lutte contre la pourriture grise des raisins. Rev Suisse Vitic Arboric Hort 4:88–95.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bolay A, Crettenand J, Gnaegi F, Schopfer JF (1974) La lutte contre la pourriture grise des raisins. Res Suisse Vitic Arboric Hort 6:91–97.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bolay A, Aerny J, Crettenand J, Gnaegi F, Pezet R, Schopfer JF (1976) Le point sur la lutte chimique contre la pourriture grise des raisins. Rev Suisse Arboric Vitic Hort 8:195–203.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bolay A, Rochaix M (1976) Lutte contre la pourriture grise (Botrytis cinerea). Effects des nouveaux fongicides. Bull OIV 49:106–129.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bontoyan WR, Looker JB, Kaiser TE (1972) Survey of ethylenethiourea in commercial ethylene bisdithiocarbamate formulations. J Assoc Off Chem 55:923–925.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brandolini V, Flori P, Musacci P (1979) Residui di antibotritici sull’uva e nel vino: esperienze condotte in Emilia Romagna. Vitivinicoltura 11:29–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buchenauer H (1975) Systemisch-fungizide wirkung und wirkungs mechanismus von Triadimefon (MEB 6447). Mitt Biol Bundesanst Land-Forst wirtsch (Berlin-Dahlem) 165:154–155.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buchenauer H (1976) Studies on the systemic activity of Bayleton (triadimefon) and its effects against certain fungal diseases of cereal. Pflanz-Nachrichten 29:266–280.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cabras P, Diana P, Meloni M, Pirisi FM (1982) Residue determination of some insecticides and fungicides on grapes by reverse-phase HPLC. J Agric Food Chem 30:569–572.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cabras P, Meloni M, Pirisi FM (1983) The effect of clarifying substances on content of some insecticides and fungicides in white wine. Am J Enol Vitic 34:103–107.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cabras P, Meloni M, Pirisi FM, Pirisi R (1984) Degradation of dicarboximidic fungicides in wine. Pestic Sci 13:247–252.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cabras P, Meloni M, Pirisi FM (1984) Persistenza del Vinclozolin su vite: esperienza condotta in Sardegna. Atti Giornate Fitopatologiche 2:31–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cabras P, Meloni M, Pirisi FM (1985) Evoluzione dei residui di alcuni fungicidi antiperonosporici e antibotritici durante il processo di vinificazione. (unpublished data)

    Google Scholar 

  • Cantarelli C, Tafuri F (1959) L’evoluzione dei residui di Zineb nel processo di vinificazione. La Ricerca Scientifica 29:1416–1423.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cantarelli C, Tafuri F, Martini A (1964) Chemical and microbiological surveys on the effects of dithiocarbamate fungicides on wine-making. J Sci Food Agric 15:186–196.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Casanova M, Dachaud R (1976) Etude des residues de fongicides ethylene-bisdithiocarbamates et ethylene-thiouree dans les laitues, les tomates e les raisins. Phytiat Phytopharm 25:263–271.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chiba M, Doornbos F (1974) Instability of benomyl in various conditions. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 11:273–274.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chiba M, Veres DF (1980) HPLC method for simultaneous determination of residual benomyl and methyl 2-benzimidazol carbamate on apple foliage without cleanup. J Assoc Off Anal Chem 63:1291–1295.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clark T, Clifford DR, Deas A, Gendle P, Watkins D (1978) Photolysis metabolism and other factors influencing the performance of triadimefon as a powdery mildew fungicide. Pestic Sci 9:497–506.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clark T (1983) The stability of vinclozolin in the presence of ethanol, methanol and water. Chemosphere 12:1363–1369.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clemons GP, Sisler HD (1969) Formation of a fungitoxic derivate from Benlate. Phytopathology 59:705–706.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Conti GG, De Carolis C, Colombi C, Orlandi M (1981) Residui di fungicidi benzimidazolici in campioni di uva da vino provenienti da un vigneto sottoposto a trattamenti sperimentali. La difesa delle piante 1:15–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Conti GG, Leone G, Lorenzini G, De Carolis C (1981) Comportamento residuale di Carbendazim nell’uva a seguito di trattamenti in campo. La difesa delle piante 5:271–280.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cordier M (1954) Etude, du point de vue oenologique, des funigicide organique de syntèse à base d’ethylene-bis-dithiocarbamate de zinc. C R Acad Agric France 40:243–246.

    Google Scholar 

  • Czegledi-Janko G, Hollo G (1967) Determination of the degradation products of EBDC by thin-layer chromatography and some investigations of their decomposition in vitro. J Chromatogr 31:89–95.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dalmasso G (1972) Viticoltura moderna. Hoepli ed. Milano.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dieter A (1979) Untersuchungen uber dein einfluss von fungiziden auf garung and weingeschmack. Weinwirtschaft 115:1507–1508.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dittrich HH, Issinger OG (1969) Zum wirkungsmechanismus von Dichlofluanid. Ztschr fur Pflanzenkrankh and Pfl Schutz 76:651–663.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dvorak V, Schopfer JF (1970) Remanence de l’Euparen et vinification. Rev Suisse Arboric Vitic Hort 2:99–104.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ehrenhardt H, Jakob L (1968) Vergleichende untersuchungen uber den einfluss weinbaulich genetzter fungizide auf die vergarung von traubenmosten. Weinberg Keller 15:355–384.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eichhorn KW, Lorenz DH (1978a) Mogliche ursachen von gar-und geschmacksbeeinflussungen bei wein. Deutsche weinbau 33:511–514.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eichhorn KW, Lorenz DH (1978b) Beitrage zum problem von gar-und geschmacksbeeinflussungen bei wein. Weinwirtschaft 114:623–627.

    Google Scholar 

  • Engst RR, Schnaak W (1970) Untersuchungen zum metabolismus der fungiziden athylenbis-dithiocarbamate Maneb and Zineb. III Mitteilung. Z Lebensm Unters Forsh 143:99–103.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fabbrini R, Galluzzi G, Costantini G (1980) Indagine sui residui di Etilentiourea (ETU) nel vino del commercio. Atti Giorn Fitopatol, suppl 1:103–115.

    Google Scholar 

  • Faure R, LaCroix L, Laurent M (1976) Etude oenologique des vendages traitees au fongicide 26019RP contre la pourriture grise de la vigne. Phytiat Phytopharm 25:245–256.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fishbein L, Fawkes J (1965) Thin-layer chromatography of metallic derivatives of ethylene (dithiocarbamic acid) and their degradation products. J Chromatogr 19:364–369.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fleeker JR, Morgan Lacy H, Schultz IR, Houkom EC (1974) Persistence and metabolism of thiophanate-methyl in soil. J Agric Food Chem 22:592–595.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fleeker JR, Morgan Lacy H (1977) Photolysis of methyl 2-benzimidazolecarbamate. J Agric Food Chem 25:51–55.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fiori P, Pancaldi D, Tentoni P, Musacci P (1982a) Persistenza nel terreno dei fungicidi Dicloran, Vinclozolin, Iprodione, Procymidone e Dichlozolinate. La difesa delle piante 4:221–230.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fiori P, Stanzani R, Musacci P, Zironi R (1982b) Residui di Vinclozolin, Iprodione e Serinai su uva, mosto e vino. Atti Giornate Fitopatologiche 2:13–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fiori P, Malucelli G, Contarelli G, Zironi R (1984) Residui antibotritici dicarbossimidici in uve, mosti e vini di diverse cultivar e provenienza. Atti Giornate Fitopatologiche 2:41–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fiori P, Zironi R (1984) Residui antibotritici e tecnologie enologiche. Vignevini 1:47–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gaia P, Tarantola C, Barbero L (1978) Conseguenze enologiche e microbiologiche della difesa antibotritica in viticoltura. Ann Instit Sperim Enol Asti 9:237–257.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garavaglia C, Lorusso S, Mirenna L, Pizzingrilli GF, Santi R (1981) Modalità dell’azione fungicida dell’antiperonosporico sistemico Galben. Atti III Simposio Chimica degli Antiparassitari pp 49–75.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gartel W (1975) Lutte contre la pourriture grise (Botrytis cinerea). Effects des nouveaux fongicides. Bull OIV 538:1025–1041.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gasztonyi M, Josepovits G (1979) The activation of triadimefon and its role in the selectivity of fungicide action. Pestic Sci 10:57–65.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gattorta G, Agnello A, Leandri A, Imbroglini G (1976) Influenza della copertura parziale del vigneto sull’entità dei residui di fungicidi. Vignevini 3:11–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gennari M, Zanini E, Cignetti A, Bicchi C, D’Amato A, Barbina Taccheo M, Spessotto C, De Paoli M, Fiori P, Imbroglini G, Leandri A, Conte E (1985) Vinclozolin decay on different grapevines in four differing italian areas. J Agric Food Chem 33:1232–1237.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gnaegi F, Dufour A (1972) Remanence des fongicides anti-Botrytis dans les vins. Rev Suisse Vitic Arboric Hortic 3:101–106.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gnaegi F, Lipka Z (1974) Remanence des fongicides systémiques dans le vins. Rev Suisse Vitic Arboric Hort 6:117–120.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gnaegi F, Aerny J, Bolay A, Crettenand J (1983) Influence des traitements viticoles antifongiques sur la vinification et la qualité du vin. Riv Suisse Vitic Arboric Hort 15:243–250.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gnaegi F, Aerny J (1984) Influence de fongicides inhibiteurs de la biosynthèse des sterols su la fermentation alcoolique et la qualité du vin. Bull OIV 57:995–1005.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Graham SL, Hanson WH, Davis KJ, Perry CH (1973) Effects of one-year administration of ethylenthiourea upon the thyroid of the rat. J Agric Food Chem 21:324–329.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Graham SL, Davis KJ, Hansen WH, Graham CH (1975) Effects of prolonged ethylenethiourea ingestion on the thyroid of the rat. Food Cosmet Toxicol 13:493–499.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guerzoni ME, Mattioli R, Piva M, Zironi R (1980) Influenza dei trattamenti con Vinclozolina, Procymidone e Iprodione sui lieviti della fermentazione alcolica. Atti Giornate Fitopatologiche 1:35–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Helweg A (1977) Degradation and adsorption of carbendazim and 2-amino-benzimidazole in soil. Pestic Sci 8:71–78.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Innes JRM, Ulland BM, Valerio MG, Petrucelli L, Fishbein L, Hart ER, Pallotta AJ, Bates RR, Falk HL, Cart JJ, Klein M, Mitchell I, Peters J (1969) Bioassay of pesticides and industrial chemicals for tumorigenicity. J Natl Cancer Inst 42:1101–1114.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaufman DD, Fletcher CL (1973) Ethylenethiourea degradations in soils. Abstr 2nd Intl Congr Plant Path, Minneapolis, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  • Khera KS (1973) Ethilenethiourea: teratogenicity study in rats and rabbits. Teratology 7:243–252.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kilgore WW, White ER (1970) Decomposition of the systemic fungicide 1991 (Benlate). Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 5:67–69.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klopping HL, Delp CJ (1980) 2-Cyano-N-[(ethylamino)carbonyl]-2-(methoxyimino) acetamide, a new funigicide. J Agric Food Chem 28:467–468.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lazzarini C, Rossi E, Del Re A (1980) Determinazioni di residui di etilentiourea in vini mediante cromatografia liquida ad alta pressione HPLC. Chim Ind 62:923–926.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lazzarini C, Verona S, Del Re A (1982) Considerazioni conclusive sulla presenza di ETU negli alimenti. Atti Cony P F sub 8 “Fitofarmaci e Fitoregolatori” Cagliari 7–8 Ottobre, Ed: Clementi, p 209.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lehotay J, Brandsteterova E, Liska O, Garaj J (1984) HPLC determination of ethylenthiourea in Perozin and Dithane M-45. J Chromatogr 287:192–196.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lemperle E, Kerner E (1969) Wirkstoffruckstande and garbeeinflussungen nach anwendung von Basfungin, Euparen unf Ortho-phaltan im weinbau. Wein-Wissenschaft 24:357–371.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lemperle E, Kerner E, Strecker H (1970) Wirkstoffruckstande and garverhalten, nach anwendung von botrytizen im weinbau. Wein-Wissenschaft 25:313–328.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lemperle E, Kerner E, Waibel A (1971) Bestimmung der wirkstoffruckstande and untersuchung des garverhaltens nach anwendung von Botrytiziden im weinbau. Wein-Wissenschaft 26:297–318.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lemperle E, Kerner E (1974) Wirkstoffruckstande and garbeeinflussungen nach anwen dung systemischer fungizide im weinbau. Wein-Wissenschaft 29:92–103.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lemperle E, (1975) Residues de pesticides dans le mouts et les vins. 4 Symp d’Oenol Intern Valence (Espagne) Mai 26–29, 1975, p 453.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lemperle E, Emmanouilidis N, Kerner E (1982) Das abbauverhalten der fungizide Ronilan, Rovral and Sumisclex auf weintrauben. Deut Lebens Runds 7:51–55.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leone G, Conti GG (1984) Residui di BCM e di Vinclozolin in uva da tavola raccolta in un vigneto a “tendone” sottoposto a trattamenti sperimentali. La difesa delle piante 4:219–226.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lesage S (1980) Reduction of the formation of ethylenthiourea from ethylenebisdithiocar-bamates by cupric ions in aqueous media. J Agric Food Chem 28:787–790.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lu MH, Staples ME (1978) Teratogenicity of ethylenthiourea and thyroid function in the rat. Teratology 17:171–178.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lukens RJ, Sister HD (1958) Chemical reactions involved in the fungitoxicity of captan. Phytopathol 48:235–244.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lukens RJ (1963) Thiophosgene split from captan by yeast. Phytopathol Abs 53:881.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lukens RI (1964) The sulfur-depletion of cells by captan. Phytopathol 54:881–882.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lyman WH (1971) The metabolic fate of Dithane M.45. IUPAC Symp Pestic Terminal Res p 243.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marshall W (1977) Thermal decomposition of Ethylenbisdithiocarbamate fungicide to Ethylenthiourea in aqueous media. J Agric Food Chem 25:357–361.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Melnikov NN (1971) Chemistry of pesticides. Springer-Verlag, New York, p 247.

    Google Scholar 

  • Minarik E, Ragala P (1966) Einfluss einiger fungizide auf die hefeflora bei der spontanem mostgarung. Mitteilungen 16:107–114.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Minarik E, Ragala P (1975) Die selektive wirkung von rebeschutzmitteln auf die mikroflora von weintrauben. Mitteilingen: Rebe, wein, obstbau und fruchteverwertung 25:187–204.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Molinari GP, Del Re A, Natali P, Battini G (1981) Determinazione di residui di antibotritici in uve e mosti. La difesa delle piante 3:135–142.

    Google Scholar 

  • Molinari GP, Del Re A, Corti G, Trevisan M, Bergamaschi E (1984) Persistenza dell’antibotritico Vinclozolin su foglie e grappoli di un vigneto del Piacentino. Atti Giornate Fitopatologiche 2:23–29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Montedoro R, Cantarelli C (1968) L’inibizione dell’attività della polifenolossidasi delle uve da parte degli anticrittogamici. Atti Acc Vite e Vino 20:117–124.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moulin JP (1982) Influence de quelques produits phytosanitaires sur la fermentations. Le Vigneron champenois 10:414–423.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nash RG, Beal ML Jr (1980) Fate of maneb and zineb fungicides in microagroecosystem chambers. J Agric Food Chem 28:322–330.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Newsome WH, Laver GW (1973) Effect of boiling on the formation of ethylenethiourea in zineb-treated foods. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 10:151–154.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pease HL, Holt RF (1977) Manganese ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) (maneb), ethylene-thiourea (ETU) residue studies on five crops treated with ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) (EBDC). J Agric Food Chem 25:561–566.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peynaud E, Lafourcade S (1953) Etude d’antibiotiques et d’antiseptiques nouveaux actifs sur le genre Saccharomyces. C R Acad Sciences 236:1924–1925.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pirisi FM, Meloni M, Cabras P, Bionducci MR, Serra A (1985) Degradation of dicarboximidic fungicides in wine. II Isolation and identification of major breakdown compounds of chlozolinate, vinclozolin and procymidone. Pestic Sci 17:109–118.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ponti I, Giudici P, Zironi R (1979) Aspetti microbiologici ed enologici dei trattamenti antibotritici. Vitivinicoltura 11:21–28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Radler F, Schoning I (1974) Uber dei wirkung einiger fungizide auf milchsaurebakterien. Wein Wissenschaft 29:181–187.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ribereau-Gayon J, Peynaud E (1971) Sciences et techniques de la vigne. Dunod ed Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ripley BD, Cox DF, Wiebe, J, Frank R (1978) Residues of Dikar and ethylenethiourea intreated grapes and commercial grape products. J Agric Food Chem 26:134–136.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rhodes RC, Long JD (1974) Run-off and leaching studies on benomyl in soil and turf. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 12:385–393.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rhodes RC (1977) Studies with Manganese [14C] Ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) (14C Maneb) fungicide and 14C ethylenethiourea (14C ETU) in plants, soil and water. J Agric Food Chem 25:528–533.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ross RD, Crosby DG (1973) Photolysis of ethylenethiourea. J Agric Food Chem 21:335–337.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rouchaud J, Moons C, Meyer JA (1983) La métabolisation des fungicides benomyl, triforine et triadimefon, et de l’insecticide aldicarb dans les plantes cultivées. Synthese des résultats et generalisations. Revue de l’Agriculture 36:1163–1177.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Santi R, Guarneri R, Fabbrini R (1980) Behaviour of 14C-Zineb (Zinc ethylenebisdithiocarbamate) and 14C-ETU (Ethylenethiourea) in wine-making process and residues in wines. Montedison, Centro Ricerche Antiparassitari. (Internal report)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sapis-Domercq S, Bertrand A, Mur F, Sarre C (1976) Influence des produits de traitement de la vigne sur la microflore levurienne. Connaissance Vigne Vin 10:369–389.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sapis-Domercq S, Bertrand A, Mur F, Sarre C (1977) Influence des produits de traitement de la vigne sur la microflore levurienne. Experimentation 1976. Connaissance Vigne Vin 11:227–242.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sapis-Domercq S, Bertrand A, Joyeuk A, Lucmaret V, Sarre C (1978) Etude de l’influence des produits de tratement de la vigne sur la microflora des raisins et des vins. Experimentation 1977. Connaissance Vigne Vin 12:245–275.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sapis-Domercq S (1980) Etude de l’influence des produits de tratement de la vigne sur la microflore des raisins et des vins. Connaissance Vigne Vin 14:155–181.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schopfer JF (1978) La rèmanence des produits de traitement viticole antifongique et leur influence sur la vinification. Ann Technol Agric 27:383–393.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Seller JP (1974) Ethylenethiourea (ETU), a carcinogenic and mutagenic metabolite of ethylenebisdithiocarbamate. Mutat Res 26:189–191.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sisto AM (1969) Biochimismo dei fitofarmaci. SIF ed Pavia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Solel Z, Sandler D, Dinoor A (1979) Mobility and persistence of carbendazim and thiabendazole applied to soil via drip irrigation. Phytopathol 69:1273–1277.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sumida S, Yoshihara R, Miyamoto J (1973) Biotransformation of 3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)5,5-dimethyloxazolidine-2,4-dione. II. Degradation of 3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-5,5dimethyloxazolidine-2,4-dione by plants, soil and light. J Agric Biol Chem 37:2781–2790.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tarantola C (1975) Conseguenze enologiche dei trattamenti antiparassitari alla vite. Atti Accad Ital Vite Vino 27:3–20.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tromp A, Marais PG (1981) Triadimefon, a systemic fungicide against Uncinula necator (Oidium) on wine grapes; disease control, residues and effect on fermentation and wine quality. S Mr J Enol Vitic 2:25–28.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Urech PA, Schwinn FJ, Staub T (1977) CGA 48988, a novel fungicide for the control of late blight, downy mildews and related soil-borne diseases. Br Crop Prot Conf 623–631.

    Google Scholar 

  • Valcamonica C, Guarnieri R, Pizzingrilli G (1985) Benalaxyl: distribuzione e degradazione nel terreno, diffusione in colture cresciute su terreno trattato. Atti V Simposio Chimica degli Antiparassitari 157–175.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vonk JW, Kaars Sijpesteijn A (1971) Methyl benzimidazole-2-ylcarbamate, the fungi-toxic principle of thiophanate-methyl. Pestic Sci 2:160–164.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vonk JW, Kaars Sijpesteijn A (1976) Formation of ethylenethiourea from 5,6-dihydro -3H-imidazol2,1-cI-1,2,4-dithiazo-3-thione by microorganisms and reducing agents. J Environ Sci Health B 11:33–47.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Watts RR, Storherr RW, Onley JH (1974) Effects of cooking on ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) degradation to ethylene thiourea. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 12:224–226.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • WHO/FAO (1970) Evaluations of some pesticide residues in food 1969, pp 19, 65, 137.

    Google Scholar 

  • WHO/FAO (1975) Evaluations of some pesticides residues in food 1973, p 177.

    Google Scholar 

  • WHO/FAO (1978) Pesticide residues in food: 1977 evaluations, p 305.

    Google Scholar 

  • WHO/FAO (1980) Pesticide residues in food: 1979 evaluations, p 514.

    Google Scholar 

  • WHO/FAO (1982) Pesticide residues in food: 1981 evaluations, p 461.

    Google Scholar 

  • WHO/FAO (1983) Pesticide residues in food: 1982 evaluations, p 271.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolfe NL, Zepp RG, Doster JC, Hollis RC (1976) Captan hydrolysis. J Agric Food Chem 24:1041–1045.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Worthing CR (1983) The pesticide manual. A world compendium, 7th ed., Brit Crop Prot Council. Manuscript received July 24, 1986; accepted November 8, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1987 Springer-Verlag New York, Inc.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Cabras, P., Meloni, M., Pirisi, F.M. (1987). Pesticide fate from vine to wine. In: Ware, G.W. (eds) Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, vol 99. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8719-0_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8719-0_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-8721-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-8719-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics