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Mechanical Load ± Growth Factors Induce [Ca2+]i Release, Cyclin D1 Expression and DNA Synthesis in Avian Tendon Cells

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Cell Mechanics and Cellular Engineering

Abstract

Tendons are fibrous connective tissues designed to transmit the force of muscle contraction to bone to effect limb movement. To accomplish the latter task, tendons mandate a more complex architecture than is generally appreciated: the origin is spread over muscle in a trellis-like epimycium to permit maximum surface area for contractile input. The principle bulk of tendon is comprised of highly aligned matrix containing 70–80% type I collagen to provide tensile strength, 10–40% elastin, yielding compliance and elasticity, proteoglycans as pulse dampeners, as well as lipids, whose presence in the tendon epitenon may reduce shear stress-induced friction (Oakes and Bialkower 1977; Vogel and Evanko 1988; Banes et al. 1988; Tsuzaki et al. 1993; Brigman et al. In press). There are at least two cell populations represented in the major anatomical compartments of tendon (Riederer-Henderson et al. 1983; Banes et al. 1988; Tsuzaki et al. 1993). The epitenon contains a large, polygonal to round cell (tendon epitenon synovial cell, TSC) embedded in a lipid and proteoglycan-rich matrix containing only 25% collagen, while the internal portion of tendon contains fibroblasts (tendon internal fibroblasts, TIF) in tightly packed rows amidst linear and branching collagen fascicles and bundles (Riederer-Henderson et al. 1983; Banes et al. 1988). TSC occupy the surface of tendon in a 2–8 cell-thick border contiguous with cells in the endotenon that partition collagen fascicles from one another (Greenlee and Ross 1967; Rowe 1985a, b).

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Authors
  1. A. J. Banes
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  2. M. Sanderson
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  3. S. Boitano
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  4. P. Hu
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  5. B. Brigman
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  6. M. Tsuzaki
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  7. T. Fischer
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  8. W. T. Lawrence
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Columbia University, 630 W. 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA

    Van C. Mow

  2. Department of Aerospace Engineering, Mechanics and Engineering Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA

    Roger Tran-Son-Tay

  3. Musculo-Skeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, Health Science Center, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA

    Farshid Guilak

  4. Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA

    Robert M. Hochmuth

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Banes, A.J. et al. (1994). Mechanical Load ± Growth Factors Induce [Ca2+]i Release, Cyclin D1 Expression and DNA Synthesis in Avian Tendon Cells. In: Mow, V.C., Tran-Son-Tay, R., Guilak, F., Hochmuth, R.M. (eds) Cell Mechanics and Cellular Engineering. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8425-0_13

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