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The Structure and Thermodynamics of Clean Surfaces—Principles

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Treatise on Solid State Chemistry

Abstract

Surfaces, whether the face of a smiling infant or the massive steel support of the Golden Gate Bridge, are a part of our everyday life. When there is condensed phase present there are surfaces, or, as we should put it, there are interfaces. The physical and chemical properties of the interfaces that form between the solid, liquid, and gas have been under close scientific scrutiny for some time. Part of the interest stems from our attempt to understand the nature of phase changes that take place at the interface (growth, vaporization, melting, to mention a few). Over and above our interest in phase changes, the surface has two unique functions that make its study so important: (1) The surface is the first line of defense of the condensed phase from chemical or mechanical attack; thus passivation of the surface against such an attack is one of our primary concerns. (2) There are chemical reactions that require much less activation energy when they occur at the surface than in the gas phase or inside the solid phase. As a result, surface reaction rates are orders of magnitude greater than rates for the same reaction in other phases, which makes surface reactions of great industrial and biological importance. Industries like the oil, polymer, and pharmaceutical industries have their technologies firmly based on heterogeneous catalysis, i.e., on reactions at the solid-gas or solid-liquid interface that take place selectively and at optimum rates.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA

    G. A. Somorjai

  2. Inorganic Materials Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA

    G. A. Somorjai

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  1. G. A. Somorjai
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Research and Patents, Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, New Jersey, USA

    N. B. Hannay (Vice President) (Vice President)

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© 1976 Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated

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Somorjai, G.A. (1976). The Structure and Thermodynamics of Clean Surfaces—Principles. In: Hannay, N.B. (eds) Treatise on Solid State Chemistry. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-4313-4_1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-4313-4_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-4315-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-4313-4

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