Mineral Resources

Abstract

Minerals are inextricably linked to the rise of mankind and civilization. Their importance has been repeatedly documented by archeologists who have named the Ages of Mankind on the basis of the materials used by society — the Stone Age, the Copper Age, the Bronze Age, and the Iron Age. The more recent times also carry names of other geologic resources, such as the Coal Age, the Petroleum Age, and the Atomic Age. The strength and power of early nations often stemmed from mining activities and the amount of such metals as gold and silver in the treasury. Minerals have also played a significant role in exploration of the world, colonization of foreign lands, and the trade, commerce, and industrialization of civilized societies. The health of the United States economy is mineral-related (Fig. 2.1). For example, in 1972, domestic raw materials valued at $32 billion were converted into processed materials and energy that exceeded a value of $150 billion and formed the basis for a gross national product of $1.1 trillion. A decade later, these values had doubled (Table 2.1).