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Citrus Exocortis

  • Chapter
The Viroids

Part of the book series: The Viruses ((VIRS))

Abstract

When exocortis was first described by Fawcett and Klotz (1948), its cause was unknown, but soon after Benton et al. (1949, 1950) and Bitters (1954) showed that scalybutt (exocortis) was bud-transmissible. Trees on trifoliate orange [Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.] rootstock are severely dwarfed from an early age, show little enlargement of the stock, and exhibit heavy bark scaling of the butt below the bud union (Fig. 1). Trees on citrange [P. trifoliata x Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] stocks are also reduced in size and the rootstock may show scaling due to exocortis in some countries (Garnsey, 1983). Olson (1952) and Moreira (1955, 1959) described a rootstock bark disorder of Rangpur lime (C. limonia Osbeck) stocks that was attributed to exocortis (Brown and Schmitz, 1954; Olson and Shull, 1956; Reitz and Knorr, 1957). Exocortis has also been associated with dwarfing of trifoliate orange stock in the absence of bark scaling (Broadbent et al., 1971; Schwinghamer and Broadbent, 1987a,b). Gummy pitting symptoms in trifoliate orange rootstocks may also be associated with a strain of exocortis (Fraser and Broadbent, 1979).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biological and Chemical Research Institute, New South Wales Department of Agriculture, Rydalmere, 2116, Australia

    Patricia Broadbent

  2. Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Orlando, Florida, 32803, USA

    S. M. Garnsey

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  1. Microbiology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland, 20705, USA

    T. O. Diener

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Broadbent, P., Garnsey, S.M. (1987). Citrus Exocortis. In: Diener, T.O. (eds) The Viroids. The Viruses. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1855-2_11

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1855-2_11

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