Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Thrombolysis in Acute Myocardial Infarction

  • Chapter
Interventional Cardiology

  • 134 Accesses

Abstract

The treatment of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) through the years has evolved significantly (Table 29.1), from the precoronary care unit (CCU) days to the present. Those changes in treatment over time—from the use of prophylactic lidocaine to early ambulation to intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation—did not come without controversy. Likewise, the idea of acute reperfusion and in what form and with what timing is today the source of much controversy.

Healing is a matter of timing, but it is also a matter of opportunity. Hippocrates

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Herrick JB: Clinical features of sudden obstruction of the coronary arteries. J Am Med Assoc 1912; 59:2015.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Spain DM, Bradess VA: The relationship of coronary thrombosis to coronary atherosclerotic and ischemic heart disease. Am J Med Sci 1960; 240:701.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Erich JC, Shinohara Y: Low incidence of coronary thrombosis in myocardial infarction. Arch Pathol 1964; 78:432.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Roberts WC, Buja LM: The frequency and significance of coronary arterial thrombi and other observations in fatal acute myocardial infarction. Am J Med 1972; 52:425.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. DeWood MA, Spores J, Notske R: Prevalence of total coronary occlusion during the early hours of transmural acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1980; 305:897.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Rentrop KP, Blanhe H, Karsch KR, et al: Initial experience with transluminal recanalization of the recently occluded infarct-related coronary artery in acute myocardial infarction: Comparison with conventionally treated patients. Clin Cardiol 1979; 2:92.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Defeyter PJ, vanEenige MJ, vanderWall EE, et al: Effects of spontaneous and streptokinase-induced recanalization on left ventricular function after myocardial infarction. Circulation 1983; 6:1037.

    Google Scholar 

  8. DeWood MA, Spores J, Notske RN: Medical and surgical management of myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 1979; 44:1356.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Rutherford BD, Hartzler GO, McConahay DR: Direct balloon angioplasty in acute myocardial infarction without prior use of streptokinase. J Am Coll Cardiol 1986; 7:149A.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Holmes DR, Smith HC, Vliestra RE, et al: Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, alone and in combination with streptokinase therapy, during acute myocardial infarction. Mayo Clin Proc 1985; 60:449.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Topol EJ, Califf RM, George BS, et al: A randomized trial of immediate versus delayed elective angioplasty after intravenous tissue plasminogen activator in acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1987; 317:581.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Burket MW, Smith MR, Walsh TE, et al: Relation of effectiveness of intracoronary thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction to systemic thrombolytic state. Am J Cardiol 1985; 56:441.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Rentrop KP: Thrombolytic therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 1985; 71:627.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. The TIMI Study Group: The Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) Trial: Phase I findings. N Engl J Med 1985; 312:932.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Leiboff RH, Katz RJ, Wasserman AC, et al: A randomized, angiographically controlled trial of intracoronary streptokinase in acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 1984; 53:404.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. The ISAM Study Group: A prospective trial of intravenous streptokinase in acute myocardial infarction (ISAM): Mortality and infarct size at 21 days. N Engl J Med 1986; 314:1465.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Yusaf S, Collins R, Petro R, et al: Intravenous and intracoronary fibrinolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction: Overview of results on mortality, reinfarction and side effects from 33 randomized controlled trials. Eur Heart J 1985; 6:556.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Williams DO, Borer J, Braunwald E, et al: Intravenous recombinant tissue type plasminogen activator in patients with acute myocardial infarction: A report from the NHLBI thrombolysis in myocardial infarction trial. Circulation 1986; 73:338.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Kasper W, Meinertz T, Wollschlager H, et al: Coronary thrombolysis during acute myocardial infarction by intravenous BRL 26921 a new anisoylated plasminogen-streptokinase activator complex. Am J Cardiol 1986; 58:418.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Verstraete M, Collen D: Pharmacology of thrombolytic drugs. J Am Coll Cardiol 1986; 8:33B.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Timmis AD, Griffin B, Crick JCP: Anisoylated plasminogen streptokinase activator complex in acute myocardial infarction: A placebo controlled arteriographic coronary recanalization study. J Am Coll Cardiol 1987; 10:205.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. vandeWerf F, Nobwhara M, Collen D: Coronary thrombolysis with human single chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator (pro-urokinase) in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Ann Intern Med 1986; 104:345.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Garabedian HD, Gold HK, Leinbach RC, et al: Dose-dependent thrombolysis, pharmacokinetics and hemostatic effects of recombinant human tissue-type plasminogen activator for coronary thrombosis. Am J Cardiol 1986; 58:673.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Verstraete M, Su CA, Tanswell P, et al: Pharmacokinetics and effects on fibrinolytic and coagulation parameters of 2 doses of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator in healthy volunteers. Thromb Haemost 1986; 56:1.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Collen D, Topol EJ, Tiefenbaum AJ, et al: Coronary thrombolysis with recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator: A prospective, randomized placebo controlled trial. Circulation 1984; 70:1012.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Gold HK, Leinbach RC, Garabedian HD, et al. Acute coronary reocclusion after thrombolysis with recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator: Prevention by maintenance infusion. Circulation 1986; 73:347.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Verstraete M, Bernard R, Rory MS, et al: Randomized trial of intravenous recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator v intravenous streptokinase in acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 1985; 1:842.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Andersen JL, Marshall HW, Bray BE, et al: A randomized trial of intracoronary streptokinase in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1985; 308:1312.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Kennedy JW, Ritchie JL, Davis KB, et al: Western Washington randomized trial of intracoronary streptokinase in acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1983; 309:1477.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Khaja F, Walton JA, Brymer JF, et al: Intracoronary fibrinolytic treatment in acute myocardial infarction. Report of a prospective randomized trial. N Engl J Med 1983; 308:1305.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Serruys PW, Simoons ML, Suryapranata H, et al: Preservation of global and regional left ventricular function after early thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 1986; 7:729.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Sheehan FH, Dodge HT, Mathey DG, et al: Application of the center line method: Analysis of change in regional left ventricular wall motion in serial studies. IEEE Comput Cardiol 1982; 97.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Sheehan FH, Mathey DG, Schofer J, et al: Factors that determine recovery of left ventricular function after thrombolysis in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 1985; 71:1121.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Hugenholtz PG, Serruys PW, Simoons ML, et al: Thrombolytic therapy for acute coronary obstruction: Status in 1986. Texas Heart Institute Journal 1986; 13:433.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Kennedy JW, Ritchie JL, Davis KB, et al: The Western Washington randomized trial of intracoronary streptokinase in acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1985; 312:1073.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Rentrop P, Feit F: The reperfusion study group: The second Mt. Sinai-NYU reperfusion trial: Main endpoints. J Am Coll Cardiol 1987; 9:239A.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Simoons ML, Serruys PW, vander Brand M, et al: Improved survival after early thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 1985; 2:578.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Simoons ML, Serruys PW, vander Brand M, et al: Thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction: Limitation of infarct size and improved survival. J Am Coll Cardiol 1986; 7:717.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Fine DG, Weiss AT, Sapoznikov D, et al: Importance of early initiation of intravenous streptokinase therapy for acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 1986; 58:411.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Schroder R, Neuhaus KL, Leizoravicz A, et al: A prospective placebo controlled double-blind multicenter trial of intravenous streptokinase in acute myocardial infarction (ISAM): Long-term mortality and morbidity. J Am Coll Cardiol 1987; 9:197.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Gruppo italiano per lo studio della streptochinasi nell’ infarto miocardico (GISSI): Effectiveness of intravenous thrombolytic treatment in acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 1986; 1:397.

    Google Scholar 

  42. ISIS Collaborative Group: Results of a large randomized trial of intravenous streptokinase and oral aspirin in acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 1988; 11:232A.

    Google Scholar 

  43. O’Neill W, Timmis GC, Bourdillon PD, et al: A prospective randomized trial of intracoronary streptokinase v coronary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1986; 314:812.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Fung AY, Lai P, Juni JE, et al: Prevention of subsequent exercise induced periinfarction ischemia by emergency coronary angioplasty in acute myocardial infarction: Comparison with intracoronary streptokinase. J Am Coll Cardiol 1986; 8:496.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Johns JA, Yasuda T, Garabedian HD, et al: Improved left ventricular function following intravenous recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator in acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 1987; 9:190A.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Topol EJ, Califf RM, Stack RS, et al: A randomized multicenter trial of intravenous tPA and emergency coronary angioplasty in acute myocardial infarction: Results from the TAMI study group. J Am Coll Cardiol 1987; 9:231A.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Williams DO, Porman S, and the TIMI investigators: Coronary angioplasty following rt-PA in acute myocardial infarction: Report from the TIMI trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 1987; 9:231A.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Holland K, Topol EJ, Walton JA, et al: Emergency coronary angioplasty therapy for elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction: Cautionary results. J Am Coll Cardiol 1987; 9:231A.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Holmes DR, Smith HC, Vliestra RE, et al: Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, alone and in combination with streptokinase therapy, during acute myocardial infarction. Mayo Clin Proc 1985; 60:449.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. O’Neill WW, Kereiakes DJ, Stack RS, et al: Cardiothoracic surgical support is required during interventional therapy of myocardial infarction: Results from the TAMI study group. J Am Coll Cardiol 1987; 9:124A.

    Google Scholar 

  51. DeWood MA, Spores J, Berg R Jr, et al: Acute myocardial infarction: A decade of experience with surgical reperfusion in 701 patients. Circulation 1983; 68:11–8.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Wei JY, Markis JE, Malagold M, et al: Time course of serum cardiac enzymes after intra-coronary thrombolytic therapy. Arch Intern Med 1985; 145:1596.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Sobel BE, Bergmann SR: Coronary thrombolysis: Some unresolved issues. Am J Med 1982; 72:1.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Gore JM, Roberts R, Ball SP, et al: Peak creatine kinase as a measure of effectiveness of thrombolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 1987; 59:1234.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Gibson RS, Watson D, Crampton RS, et al: Predischarge thallium-201 scintigraphy to identify postinfarction patients at high risk for future cardiac events. Circulation 1983; 68:321.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Weiss AT, Maddahi J, Lew AS, et al: Reverse redistribution of thallium-201: A sign of nontransmural myocardial infarction with patency of the infarct-related artery. J Am Coll Cardiol 1986; 7:61.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Beller GA: Role of myocardial perfusion imaging in evaluating thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 1987; 9:661.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Leppo JA, O’Brien J, Roshender JA, et al: Dipyridamole thallium-201 scintigraphy in prediction of future cardiac events after acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1984; 310:1014.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Jones RH, Floyd RD, Austin EH, et al: The role of angiocardiography in the perioperative prediction of pain relief and survival following coronary artery bypass grafting. Ann Surg 1983; 197:743.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Gibson RS, Taylor GT, Watson DD, et al: Predicting extent and location of coronary artery disease during early postinfarction period by quantitative thallium-201 scintigraphy. Am J Cardiol 1981; 47:1010.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Reisner S, Berman D, Maddahi J, et al: The severe stress thallium defect: An indicator of critical coronary stenosis. Am Heart J 1985; 110:128.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. Turner JD, Schwartz KM, Logic JR, et al: Detection of jeopardized myocardium 3 weeks after myocardial infarction by exercise testing with thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy. Circulation 1980; 61:729.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Okada RD, Boucher CA: Differentiation of viable and nonviable myocardium after acute re-perfusion using serial thallium-201 imaging. Am Heart J 1987; 113:241.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. deGeorgio B, Goldstein J, Haft JI: Administration of intracoronary streptokinase during menstruation. Am Heart J 1985; 109:908.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. Lew AS, Hod H, Cercek B, et al: Mortality and morbidity rates of patients older and younger than 75 years with acute myocardial infarction treated with intravenous streptokinase. Am J Cardiol 1987; 59:1.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. David E. Blumfield
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Kaiser Foundation Hospital, 90027, Los Angeles, California, USA

    Amar S. Kapoor MD, FACP, FACC (Director of Cardiovascular Research, Regional Medical Director of Heart Transplant Program, Kaiser Foundation Hospital, Clinical Associate Professor of Medicine) (Director of Cardiovascular Research, Regional Medical Director of Heart Transplant Program, Kaiser Foundation Hospital, Clinical Associate Professor of Medicine)

  2. University of Southern California, 90027, Los Angeles, California, USA

    Amar S. Kapoor MD, FACP, FACC (Director of Cardiovascular Research, Regional Medical Director of Heart Transplant Program, Kaiser Foundation Hospital, Clinical Associate Professor of Medicine) (Director of Cardiovascular Research, Regional Medical Director of Heart Transplant Program, Kaiser Foundation Hospital, Clinical Associate Professor of Medicine)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1989 Spring-Verlag New York Inc.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Blumfield, D.E. (1989). Thrombolysis in Acute Myocardial Infarction. In: Kapoor, A.S. (eds) Interventional Cardiology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3534-7_29

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3534-7_29

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-8145-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-3534-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation