Abstract
The Central Nervous System is unique in its capacity to control a wide variety of tasks, ranging from standing, walking, and jumping to fine motor tasks, such as grasping and manipulating. Typically, the actions of a controller require knowledge about the system to be controlled. It is likely that the CNS takes advantage of, or at least takes into account, nonlinear dynamic features of the musculoskeletal system resulting from multiple degree-of-freedom joints, ligaments, muscles, but also kinematic and actuator redundancy.
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van der Helm, F.C.T., Rozendaal, L.A. (2000). Musculoskeletal Systems with Intrinsic and Proprioceptive Feedback. In: Winters, J.M., Crago, P.E. (eds) Biomechanics and Neural Control of Posture and Movement. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2104-3_11
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2104-3_11
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