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Immunology of HIV Infection

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AIDS Testing

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Abstract

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infects, functionally impairs, and depletes a subpopulation of thymus-derived T lymphocytes that express the cell-surface molecule CD4. CD4 T cells perform critical recognition and induction functions in the immune response to foreign stimuli. HIV-1 infection results in gradual CD4 T cell depletion, progressive immune unresponsiveness with effective paralysis in virtually all arms of the immune system, and increasing susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignancies. The clinical spectrum of HIV infection ranges from asymptomatic infection to severe immune deficiency with the infectious/malignant complications that are characteristic of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). This spectrum of clinical severity is reflected in a parallel severity of CD4 T cell depletion. Thus HIV-1 immunodeficiency is viewed from the immunologic perspective as a graded severity of CD4 T cell depletion, distributed on a continuum of time, influenced by incompletely understood cofactors, and associated with a spectrum of increasing clinical severity that reflects the severity of CD4 T cell depletion.

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Authors
  1. Alison C. Mawle
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  2. J. Steven Mcdougal
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory Investigations Branch Division of HIV/AIDS, National Center for Infectious Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA

    Gerald Schochetman Ph.D. (Chief) (Chief)

  2. Developmental Technology Section Laboratory Investigations Branch Division of HIV/AIDS, National Center for Infectious Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA

    J. Richard George Ph.D. (Chief) (Chief)

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© 1994 Springer Science+Business Media New York

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Mawle, A.C., Mcdougal, J.S. (1994). Immunology of HIV Infection. In: Schochetman, G., George, J.R. (eds) AIDS Testing. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0867-9_3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0867-9_3

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-6927-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-0867-9

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