Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

New Insights into “The Riddle of the Mast Cells”: Microenvironmental Regulation of Mast Cell Development and Phenotypic Heterogeneity

  • Chapter
Pathology Reviews • 1990

Abstract

At no time in recent memory has it been so difficult to offer succint generalizations about the biology of the mast cell, or its role in health and disease. This situation is something of a paradox, since there have been significant recent advances in experimental approaches for analyzing mast cell development, biochemistry and function, and the application of these methods has already generated much important new data. However, some of these findings have required that certain widely held beliefs about the mast cell be reevaluated. Indeed, in virtually every facet of the cell’s natural history, from its differentiation and maturation to its biochemistry and function, recent work has revealed considerably more complexity than had previously been suspected to exist. To those involved in mast cell research, this exciting progress has raised hopes that “the riddle of the mast cells” (223), i.e., their specific roles in health and disease, might soon be solved. But to those whose acquaintance with the mast cell is more casual, the rapidly accumulating mass of new information may have caused no small amount of confusion.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Abe T, Nawa Y: Worm expulsion and mucosal mast cell response induced by repetitive IL-3 administration in Strongyloides ratti-infected nude mice. Immunology 63:181, 1988

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Abe T, Ochiai H, Mimamishima Y, Nawa Y: Induction of intestinal mastocytosis in nude mice by repeated injection of interleukin-3. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 86:356, 1988

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Aldenborg F, Enerbäck L: Thymus dependence of connective tissue mast cells: A quantitative cytofluorometric study of the growth of peritoneal mast cells in normal and athymic rats. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 78:277, 1985

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Aldenborg F, Enerbäck L: Histochemical heterogeneity of dermal mast cells in athymic and normal rats. Histochemical J 20:19, 1988

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Aloe J, Levi-Montalcini R: Mast cell increase in tissues in neonatal rats injected with the nerve growth factor. Brain Res 133:358, 1977

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Arizono N, Koreto O, Nakao S, Iwai Y, Kushima R, Takeoka O: Phenotypic changes in mast cells proliferating in the rat lung following infection with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. Virchows Arch B 54:1, 1987

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Barrett KE, Metcalfe DD: Mast cell heterogeneity: evidence and implications. J Clin Immunol 4:253, 1984

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Barsumian EL, McGivney A, Basciano L, Siraganian R: Establishment of four mouse mastocytoma cell lines. Cell Immunol 90:131, 1985

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Bascom R, Wachs M, Naclerio RM, Pipkorn U, Galli SJ, Lichtenstein LM: Basophil influx occurs after nasal antigen challenge: effects of topical corticosteroid pretreatment. J Allergy Clin Immunol 81:580, 1988

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Befus AD, Bienenstock MD, Denburg JA (editors): Mast Cell Differentiation and Heterogeneity. New York, Raven Press, 1986

    Google Scholar 

  11. Befus AD, Goodacre R, Dyck N, Bienenstock J: Mast cell heterogeneity in man. I. Histologic studies of the intestine. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 76:232, 1985

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Befus AD, Pearce FL, Gauldie J, Horsewood P, Bienenstock J: Mucosal mast cells. I. Isolation and functional characteristics of rat intestinal mast cells. J Immunol 128:2474, 1982

    Google Scholar 

  13. Benyon RC, Lowman MA, Church MK: Human skin mast cells: their dispersion, purification, and secretory characterization. J Immunol 138:861, 1987

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Bienenstock J, Austen KF, Galli SJ: Nomenclature of mast cells and basophils. In Mast Cell and Basophil Differentiation and Function in Health and Disease, edited by Galli SJ, Austen KF, p 329. New York, Raven Press, 1989

    Google Scholar 

  15. Bienenstock J, Befus AD, Denburg JA: Mast cell heterogeneity: basic questions and clinical implications. In Mast Cell Differentiation and Heterogeneity, edited by Befus AD, Bienenstock J, Denburg JA, p 391. New York, Raven Press, 1986

    Google Scholar 

  16. Bienenstock J, Blennerhassett M, Kakuta Y, MacQueen G, Marshall J, Perdue M, Siegel S, Tsuda T, Denburg J, Stead R: Evidence for central and peripheral nervous system interaction with mast cells. In Mast Cell and Basophil Differentiation and Function in Health and Disease, edited by Galli SJ, Austen KF, p 275. New York, Raven Press, 1989

    Google Scholar 

  17. Bland EC, Ginsburg H, Silbert JE, Metcalfe DD: Mouse heparin proteoglycan: synthesis by mast cell fibroblast monolayers during lymphocyte-dependent mast cell proliferation. J Biol Chem 257:8661, 1982

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Blank U, Ra C, Miller L, White K, Metzger H, Kinet J-P: Complete structure and expression in transfected cells of high affinity IgE receptor. Nature (London) 337:187, 1989

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Bloom G, Ringertz NR: Acid polysaccharides of peritoneal mast cells of the rat and mouse. Ark Kemi 16:51, 1960

    Google Scholar 

  20. Bodger MP, Mounsey GL, Nelson J, Fitzgerald PH: A monoclonal antibody reacting with human basophils. Blood 69:1414, 1987

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Bottomly K: A functional dichotomy in CD4+ T lymphocytes. Immunol Today 9:268, 1988

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Brain SD, Williams TJ: Substance P regulates the vasodilator activity of calcitonin gene-related peptide. Nature (London) 335:73, 1988

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Bressler RB, Thompson HL, Keffer JM, Metcalfe DD: Inhibition of the growth of IL-3-dependent mast cells from murine bone marrow by recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. J Immunol 143:135, 1989

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Broide DH, Metcalfe DD, Wasserman SI: Functional and biochemical characterization of rat bone marrow-derived mast cells. J Immunol 141:4298, 1988

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Broide D, Barrett K, Wasserman SI: Characterization and functional analysis of rat mucosal mast cells. In Mast Cell and Basophil Differentiation and Function in Health and Disease, edited by Galli SJ, Austen KF, p 195. New York, Raven Press, 1989

    Google Scholar 

  26. Brown MA, Pierce JH, Watson CJ, Falco J, Ihle JN, Paul WE: B cell stimulatory factor-1/interleukin-4 mRNA is expressed by normal and transformed mast cells. Cell 50:809, 1987

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Brown SJ, Galli SJ, Gleich GJ, Askenase PW: Ablation of immunity to Amblyomma americanum by anti-basophil serum: cooperation between basophils and eosinophils in expression of immunity to ectoparasites (ticks) in guinea pigs. J Immunol 129:790, 1982

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Burd PR, Rogers HW, Gordon JR, Martin CA, Jayaraman S, Wilson SD, Dvorak AM, Galli SJ, Dorf ME: IL-3-dependent and-independent mast cells stimulated with IgE and antigen express multiple cytokines. J Exp Med 143:135, 1989

    Google Scholar 

  29. Burnet FM: The probable relationship of some or all mast cells to the T-cell system. Cell Immunol 30:358, 1977

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Butterfield JH, Weiler D, Dewald G, Gleich GJ: Establishment of an immature mast cell line from a patient with mast cell leukemia. Leuk Res 12:345, 1988

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Casale TB, Bowman S, Kaliner M: Induction of human cutaneous mast cell degranulation by opiates and endogenous opioid peptides: evidence for opiate and nonopiate receptor participation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 73:775, 1984

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Caughey GH, Leidig F, Viro NF, Nadel JA: Substance P and vasoactive intestinal peptide degradation by mast cell tryptase and chymase. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 244:133, 1988

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Chabot B, Stephenson DA, Chapman VM, Besmer P, Bernstein A: The proto-oncogene c-kit encoding a transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor maps to the mouse W locus. Nature 335:88, 1988

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Chi E, Lagunoff D: Abnormal mast cell granules in the beige (Chediak-Higashi syndrome) mouse. J Histochem Cytochem 23:117, 1975

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Church MK, Benyon RC, Rees PH, Lowman MA, Campbell AM, Robinson C, Holgate ST: Functional heterogeneity of human mast cells. In Mast Cell and Basophil Differentiation and Function in Health and Disease, edited by Galli SJ, Austen KF, p 161. New York, Raven Press, 1989

    Google Scholar 

  36. Cohan VL, Massey WA, Gittlen SD, Charlesworth EN, Warner JA, Kagey-Sobotka A, Lichtenstein LM: The heterogeneity of human histamine containing cells. In Mast Cell and Basophil Differentiation and Function in Health and Disease, edited by Galli SJ, Austen KF, p 149. New York, Raven Press, 1989

    Google Scholar 

  37. Combs JW, Lagunoff D, Benditt EP: Differentiation and proliferation of embryonic mast cells of the rat. J Cell Biol 25:577, 1965

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Cooper MD, Kearney J, Scher I: B Lymphocytes. In Fundamental Immunology, edited by Paul WE, p 43. New York, Raven Press, 1984

    Google Scholar 

  39. Craig SS, DeBlois G, Schwartz LB: Mast cells in human keloid, small intestine, and lung by an immunoperoxidase technique using a murine monoclonal antibody. Am J Pathol 124:427, 1986

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Craig SS, Schechter NM, Schwartz LB: Ultrastructural analysis of human T and TC mast cells identified by immunoelectron microscopy. Lab Invest 58:682, 1988

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Craig SS, Schechter NM, Schwartz LB: Ultrastructural analysis of maturing human T and TC mast cells in situ. Lab Invest 60:147, 1989

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Crowle PK, Reed ND: Bone marrow origin of mucosal mast cells. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 73:242, 1984

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Davidson S, Kinarty A, Coleman R, Reshef A, Ginsburg H: Fibroblasts are required for mast cell granule synthesis. In Mast Cell Differentiation and Heterogeneity, edited by Befus AD, Bienenstock J, Denburg JA, p 155. New York, Raven Press, 1986

    Google Scholar 

  44. Dayton ET, Caulfield JP, Hein A, Austen KF, Stevens RL: Regulation of the growth rate of mouse fibroblasts by IL-3-activated mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells. J Immunol 142:4307, 1989

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Dayton ET, Pharr P, Ogawa M, Serafin WE, Austen KF, Levi-Schaffer F, Stevens RL: 3T3 fibroblasts induce cloned interleukin 3-dependent mouse mast cells to resemble connective tissue mast cells in granular consistency. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85:569, 1988

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Denburg JA, Befus AD, Bienenstock J: Growth and differentiation in vitro of mast cells from mesenteric lymph nodes of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infected rats. Immunology 41:195, 1980

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Denburg JA, Tanno Y, Bienenstock J: Growth and differentiation of human basophils, eosinophils, and mast cells. In Mast Cell Differentiation and Heterogeneity, edited by Befus AD, Bienenstock J, Denburg JA, p 71. New York, Raven Press, 1986

    Google Scholar 

  48. DuBuske L, Austen KF, Czop J, Stevens RL: Granule-associated serine neutral proteases of the mouse bone marrow-derived mast cell that degrade fibronectin: their increase after sodium butyrate treatment of the cells. J Immunol 133:1535, 1984

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Dvorak AM: Human mast cells. Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology, Vol 114, edited by Beck F, Hild W, Kriz W, Ortmann R, Pauly JE, Schiebler TH. Springer-Verlag, 1989

    Google Scholar 

  50. Dvorak AM, Dvorak HF, Galli SJ: Ultrastructural criteria for identification of mast cells and basophils in humans, guinea pigs, and mice. Am Rev Respir Dis 128:S49, 1983

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Dvorak AM, Galli SJ, Schulman ES, Lichtenstein LM, Dvorak HF: Basophil and mast cell degranulation: ultrastructural analysis of mechanisms of mediator release. Fed Proc 42:2510, 1983

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Dvorak AM, Hammel I, Schulman ES, Peters SP, MacGlashan DW Jr, Schleimer RP, Newball HH, Pyne K, Dvorak HF, Lichtenstein LM, Galli SJ: Differences in the behavior of cytoplasmic granules and lipid bodies during human lung mast cell degranulation. J Cell Biol 99:1678, 1984

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Dvorak AM, Ishizaka T, Galli SJ: Ultrastructure of human basophils developing in vitro. Evidence for the acquisition of peroxidase by basophils, and for different effects of human and murine growth factors on human basophil and eosinophil maturation. Lab Invest 53:57, 1985

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Dvorak AM, Klebanoff SJ, Henderson WR, Monahan RA, Pyne K, Galli SJ: Vesicular uptake of eosinophil peroxidase by guinea pig basophils and by cloned mouse mast cells and granule-containing lymphoid cells. Am J Pathol 118:425, 1985

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Dvorak AM, Mihm MC Jr, Dvorak HF: Morphology of delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions in man. II. Ultrastructural alterations affecting the microvasculature and the tissue mast cells. Lab Invest 34:179, 1976.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Dvorak AM, Mihm MC Jr, Osage JE, Kwan TH, Austen KF, Wintroub BU: Bullous pemphigoid, an ultrastructural study of the inflammatory response: eosinophil, basophil and mast cell granule changes in multiple biopsies from one patient. J Invest Dermatol 78:91, 1982

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Dvorak AM, Monahan RA, Osage JE, Dickersin GR: Crohn’s disease: transmission electron microscopic studies. II. Immunologic inflammatory response. Alterations of mast cells, basophils, eosinophils, and the microvasculature. Hum Pathol 11:606, 1980

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Dvorak AM, Nabel G, Pyne K, Cantor H, Dvorak HF, Galli SJ: Ultrastructural identification of the mouse basophil. Blood 59:1279, 1982

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Dvorak AM, Schleimer RP, Lichtenstein LM: Human mast cells synthesize new granules during recovery from degranulation. In vitro studies with mast cells purified from human lungs. Blood 71:76, 1988

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Dvorak AM, Schulman ES, Peters SP, MacGlashan DW Jr, Newball HH, Schleimer RP, Lichtenstein LM: Immunoglobulin E-mediated degranulation of isolated human lung mast cells. Lab Invest 53:45, 1985

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Dvorak HF, Dvorak AM: Basophilic leukocytes: structure, function, and role in disease. In Clinics in Haematology, Granulocyte and Monocyte Abnormalities, Vol 4, edited by Lichtman MA, p 651. London, WB Saunders Co, Ltd, 1975

    Google Scholar 

  62. Ehrlich P: Beiträge zur Theorie und Praxis der histologischen Färbung. Leipzig; 1878 Thesis

    Google Scholar 

  63. Ehrlich P: Uber die spezifischen Granulationen des Blutes. Arch Anat Physiol Abt 571–577, 1879

    Google Scholar 

  64. Enerbäck L: Berberine sulfate binding to mast cell polyanions: a cytofluorometric method for the quantitation of heparin. Histochemistry 42:301, 1974

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Enerbäck L: The gut mucosal mast cell. Monogr Allergy 17:222, 1981

    Google Scholar 

  66. Enerbäck L: Mast cell heterogeneity: the evolution of the concept of a specific mucosal mast cell. In Mast Cell Differentiation and Heterogeneity, edited by Befus AD, Bienenstock J, Denburg JA, p 1. New York, Raven Press, 1986

    Google Scholar 

  67. Enerbäck L, Pipkorn U, Aldenborg F, Wingren U: Mast cell heterogeneity in man: properties and function of human mucosal mast cells. In Mast Cell and Basophil Differentiation and Function in Health and Disease, edited by Galli SJ, Austen KF, p 27. New York, Raven Press, 1989

    Google Scholar 

  68. Finkelman FD, Katona IM, Urban Jr JF, Holmes J, Ohara J, Tung AS, Sample JVG, Paul WE: IL-4 is required to generate and sustain in vivo IgE responses. J Immunol 141:2335, 1988

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Finkelman FD, Ohara J, Goroff DK, Smith J, Villacreses N, Mond JJ, Paul WE: Production of BSF-1 during an in vivo, T-dependent immune response. J Immunol 137:2878, 1986

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Fox CC, Dvorak AM, Peters SP, Kagey-Sobotka A, Lichtenstein LM: Isolation and characterization of human intestinal mucosal mast cells. J Immunol 135:483, 1985

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Fujita J, Nakayama H, Onoue H, Ebi Y, Kanakura Y, Kuriu A, Kitamura Y: Failure of W/W v mouse derived cultured mast cells to enter S phase upon contact with NIH/3T3 fibroblasts. Blood 72:463, 1988

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Fujita J, Nakayama H, Onoue H, Kanakura Y, Nakano T, Asai H, Takeda S, Honjo T, Kitamura Y: Fibroblast-dependent growth of mouse mast cells in vitro: duplication of mast cell depletion in mutant mice of W/W v genotype. J Cell Physiol 134:78, 1988

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Fujita J, Onoue H, Ebi Y, Nakayama H, Kanakura Y: In vitro duplication and in vivo cure of mast cell deficiency of Sl/Sl d mutant mice by cloned 3T3 fibroblasts. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86:2888, 1989

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Fung MC, Hapel AJ, Ymer S, Cohen DR, Johnson RM, Campbell HD, Yung IG: Molecular cloning of cDNA for murine interleukin-3. Nature (London) 307:233, 1984

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Furitsu T, Saito H, Dvorak AM, Schwartz LB, Irani AA, Burdick JF, Ishizaka K, Ishizaka T: Development of human mast cells in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, in press 1989

    Google Scholar 

  76. Gabriel LC, Escribano LM, Marie J-P, Zittoun R, Navarro JL: Peroxidase activity in circulating mast cells in blast crisis of chronic granulocytic leukemia. Am J Clin Pathol 86:212, 1986

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Galli SJ: Mast cell heterogeneity: can variation in mast cell phenotype be explained without postulating the existence of distinct mast cell lineages? In Mast Cell Differentiation and Heterogeneity, edited by Befus AD, Bienenstock J, Denburg JA, p 167. New York, Raven Press, 1986

    Google Scholar 

  78. Galli SJ: New approaches for the analysis of mast cell maturation, heterogeneity, and function. Fed Proc 46:1906, 1987

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Galli SJ, Askenase PW: Cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity. In The Reticuloendothelial System: A Comprehensive Treatise, Vol IX, edited by Abramoff P, Phillips SM, Escobar MR, p 321. New York, Plenum, 1986

    Google Scholar 

  80. Galli SJ, Austen KF (editors): Mast Cell and Basophil Differentiation and Function in Health and Disease. New York, Raven Press, 1989

    Google Scholar 

  81. Galli SJ, Goetzl EJ: Eosinophils, basophils, and mast cells. In Blood: Principles and Practice of Hematology, edited by Handin RI, Lux SE, Stossel TP. Philadelphia, JB Lippincott Company, in press 1990

    Google Scholar 

  82. Galli SJ, Hammel I: Unequivocal delayed hypersensitivity in mast cell-deficient and beige mice. Science 226:710, 1984

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Galli SJ, Kitamura Y: Animal model of human disease. Genetically mast cell-deficient W/W v and Sl/Sl d mice: their value for the analysis of the roles of mast cells in biological responses in vivo. Am J Pathol 127:191, 1987

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Galli SJ, Lichtenstein LM: Biology of mast cells and basophils. In Allergy. Principles and Practice, Ed 3, edited by Middleton Jr E, Reed CE, Ellis EF, Adkinson Jr NF, Yunginger JW, p 106. St. Louis, The CV Mosby Company, 1988

    Google Scholar 

  85. Galli SJ, Arizono N, Murakami T, Dvorak AM, Fox JG: Development of large numbers of mast cells at sites of chronic idiopathic dermatitis in genetically mast cell-deficient WBB6F1-W/Wv mice. Blood 69:1661, 1987

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Galli SJ, Dvorak AM, Dvorak HF: Basophils and mast cells: Morphologic insights into their biology, secretory patterns and function. Prog Allergy 34:1, 1984

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Galli SJ, Dvorak AM, Dvorak HF: Morphology, biochemistry, and function of basophils and mast cells. In Hematology, 4th edition, edited by Williams WJ, Beutler E, Erslev AJ, Lichtman MA. New York, McGraw Hill, p 840, 1990

    Google Scholar 

  88. Galli SJ, Dvorak AM, Marcum JA, Ishizaka T, Nabel G, Der Simonian H, Pyne K, Goldin JM, Rosenberg RD, Cantor H, Dvorak HF: Mast cell clones: a model for the analysis of cellular maturation. J Cell Biol 95:435, 1982

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Galli SJ, Wershil BK, Bose R, Walker PA, Szabo S: Ethanol-induced acute gastric injury in mast cell-deficient and congenic normal mice: evidence that mast cells can augment the area of damage. Am J Pathol 128:131, 1987

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Galli SJ, Wershil BK, Yano H, Arizono N, Gordon JR, Murakami T: Analysis of the roles of phenotypically distinct mast cell populations in non-immunological responses. In Mast Cell and Basophil Differentiation and Function in Health and Disease, edited by Galli SJ, Austen KF, p 255. New York, Raven Press, 1989

    Google Scholar 

  91. Geissler EN, Ryan MA, Housman DE: The dominant-white spotting (W) locus of the mouse encodes the c-kit proto-oncogene. Cell 55:185, 1988

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Gibbins IL, Furness JB, Costa M, MacIntyre I, Hillyard CJ, Girgis S: Co-localization of calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactivity with substance P in cutaneous, vascular and visceral sensory neurons of guinea pigs. Neurosci Lett 57:125, 1985

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Gilbert HS, Ornstein L: Basophil counting with a new staining method using alcian blue. Blood 46:279, 1975

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Gilead L, Rahamim E, Ziv I, Or R, Razin E: Cultured human bone marrow-derived mast cells, their similarities to cultured murine E-mast cells. Immunology 63:669, 1988

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Ginsburg H: The in vitro differentiation and culture of normal mast cells from mouse thymus. Ann NY Acad Sci 103:20, 1963

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Ginsburg H, Lagunoff D: The in vitro differentiation of mast cells. Cultures of cells from immunized mouse lymph nodes and thoracic duct lymph on fibroblast monolayers. J Cell Biol 35:685, 1967

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Ginsburg H, Ben-Shahar D, Ben-David E: Mast cell growth on fibroblast monolayers. Two cell entities. Immunology 45:371, 1982

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Ginsburg H, Nir I, Hammel I, Eren R, Weissman B-A, Naot Y: Differentiation and activity of mast cells following immunization in cultures of lymph node cells. Immunology 35:485, 1978

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Ginsburg H, Olson EC, Huff TF, Okudaira H, Ishizaka T: Enhancement of mast cell differentiation in vitro by T cell factor(s). Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 66:447, 1981

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Goetzl EJ, Finch RJ, Peterson KE, Turck CW, Sneedharan SP: Mast cell and basophil mediation of lymphocytic functions. In Mast Cell and Basophil Differentiation and Function in Health and Disease, edited by Galli SJ, Austen KF, p 247. New York, Raven Press, 1989

    Google Scholar 

  101. Gordon JR, Galli SJ: PMA induces mast cell (MC) development in genetically mast cell-deficient WBB6F1-W/W v mice (abstr). FASEB J 2:A1233, 1988

    Google Scholar 

  102. Gordon JR, Galli SJ: Mast cells as a source of preformed and immunologically inducible TNA-α/cachectin FASEB J, in press 1990

    Google Scholar 

  103. Green MC: Mutant genes and linkages. In Biology of the Laboratory Mouse, Ed 2, edited by Green EL, p 87. New York, McGraw-Hill, 1966

    Google Scholar 

  104. Hägermark O, Hökfelt T, Pernow B: Flare and itch induced by substance P in human skin. J Invest Dermatol 71:233, 1978

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  105. Haig DM, McKee, TA, Jarrett EEE, Woodbury R, Miller HRP: Generation of mucosal mast cells is stimulated in vitro by factors derived from T cells of helminth infected rats. Nature (London) 300:188, 1982

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Haig DM, McMenamin C, Jarrett EEE: Mast cell development in the rat. In Mast Cell Differentiation and Heterogeneity, edited by Befus AD, Bienenstock J, Denhurg JA, p 55. New York, Raven Press, 1986

    Google Scholar 

  107. Hamaguchi Y, Kanakura Y, Fujita J, Takeda S, Nakano T, Tarui S, Honjo T, Kitamura Y: Interleukin 4 as an essential factor for in vitro clonal growth of murine connective tissue-type mast cells. J Exp Med 165:268, 1987

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Hammel I, Dvorak AM, Galli SJ: Defective cytoplasmic granule formation. I. Abnormalities affecting tissue mast cells and pancreatic acinar cells of beige mice. Lab Invest 56:321, 1987

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Hammel I, Dvorak AM, Peters SP, Schulman ES, Dvorak HF, Lichtenstein LM, Galli SJ: Differences in the volume distributions of human lung mast cell granules and lipid bodies: evidence that the size of these organelles is regulated by distinct mechanisms. J Cell Biol 100:1488, 1985

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Hammel I, Lagunoff D, Bauza M, Chi E: Periodic, multimodal distribution of granule volumes in mast cells. Cell Tissue Res 228:51, 1983

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Hammel I, Lagunoff D, Krüger P-G: Studies on the growth of mast cells in rats. Changes in granule size between one and six months. Lab Invest 59:549, 1988

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Hardy WB, Westbrook FF: The wandering cells of the alimentary canal. J Physiol 18:490, 1895

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Harper ST, Wells E, Mann J, Eady RP: The pharmacology of the Macaque bronchial lavage mast cell. In Mast Cell and Basophil Differentiation and Function in Health and Disease, edited by Galli SJ, Austen KF, p 171. New York, Raven Press, 1989

    Google Scholar 

  114. Hasthorpe S: A hemopoietic cell line dependent upon a factor in pokeweed mitogen-stimulated spleen cell conditioning medium. J Cell Physiol 105:379, 1980

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Henderson WR, Chi EY, Jong EC, Klebanoff SJ: Mast cell-mediated toxicity to schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni: potentiation by exogenous peroxidase. J Immunol 137:2695, 1986

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. Hermens JM, Ebertz JM, Hanafin JM, Hirshman CA: Comparison of histamine release in human skin mast cells induced by morphine, fentanyl and oxomorphine. Anesthesiology 62:124, 1985

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. Holgate ST, Robinson C, Church MK: Mediators of immediate hypersensitivity. In Allergy. Principles and Practice. Third Edition, edited by Middleton Jr E, Reed CE, Ellis EF, Adkinson Jr NF, Yunginger JW, p 135. St. Louis, The CV Mosby Company, 1988

    Google Scholar 

  118. Horton MA, O’Brien HAW: Characterization of human mast cells in long-term culture. Blood 62:1251, 1983

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. Howard M, Farrar J, Hilfiker M, Johnson B, Takatsu K, Hamaoka T, Paul WE: Identification of a T cell-derived B cell growth factor distinct from interleukin 2. J Exp Med 155:194, 1982

    Article  Google Scholar 

  120. Huff TF, Justus DE: Mast cell differentiation in cultures of T cell-depleted mesenteric lymph node cells from Nippostrongylus brasiliensis-infected mice. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 85:137, 1988

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. Hültner L, Moeller J, Schmitt E, Jäger G, Reisbach G, Ring J, Dörmer P: Thiol-sensitive mast cell lines derived from mouse bone marrow respond to a mast cell growth-enhancing activity different from both IL-3 and IL 4. J Immunol 142:3440, 1989

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  122. Hurtado I, Urbina C: Ultrastructure of the mouse blood basophil. J Submicrosc Cytol 15:1041, 1983

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. Ihle JN, Keller J, Oroszlan S, Henderson LE, Copeland RD, Fitch F, Prystowsky MB, Goldwasser E, Schrader JW, Palaszynski E, Dy M, Lebel B: Biological properties of homogeneous interleukin 3. I. Demonstration of WEHI-3 growth-factor activity, mast cell growth-factor activity, P cell-stimulating factor activity and his-tamine-producing factor activity. J Immunol 131:282, 1983

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. Ihle JN, Rebar L, Keller J, Lee JC, Hapel A: Interleukin 3: possible roles in the regulation of lymphocyte differentiation and growth. Immunol Rev 63:101, 1981

    Google Scholar 

  125. Irani AA, Craig SS, DeBlois G, Elson CO, Schechter NM, Schwartz LB: Deficiency of the tryptase-positive, chymase-negative mast cell type in gastrointestinal mucosa of patients with defective T lymphocyte function. J Immunol 138:4381, 1987

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. Irani AA, Schechter NM, Craig SS, DeBlois G, Schwartz LB: Two human mast cell subsets with distinct neutral protease compositions. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83:4464, 1986

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. Ishizaka T: Mechanisms of IgE-mediated hypersensitivity. In Allergy. Principles and Practice, Ed 3, edited by Middleton Jr E, Reed CE, Ellis EF, Adkinson Jr NF, Yunginger JW, p 71. St. Louis, The CV Mosby Company, 1988

    Google Scholar 

  128. Ishizaka T, Adachi T, Chang TH, Ishizaka K: Development of mast cells in vitro. II. Biologic function of cultured mast cells. J Immunol 118:211, 1977

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  129. Ishizaka T, Dvorak AM, Conrad DH, Niebyl JR, Marquette JP, Ishizaka K: Morphological and immunological characterization of human basophils developed in cultures of cord blood mononuclear cells. J Immunol 134:532, 1985

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. Ishizaka T, Okudaira H, Mauser LE, Ishizaka K: Development of rat mast cells in vitro. I. Differentiation of mast cells from thymus cells. J Immunol 116:747, 1976

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. Ishizaka T, Saito H, Furitsu T, Dvorak AM: Growth of human basophils and mast cells in vitro. In Mast Cell and Basophil Differentiation and Function in Health and Disease, edited by Galli SJ, Austen KF, p 39. New York, Raven Press, 1989

    Google Scholar 

  132. Jacoby W, Cammarata PV, Findlay S, Pincus SH: Anaphylaxis in mast cell-deficient mice. J Invest Dermatol 83:302, 1984

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. Jarboe DL, Huff TF: The mast cell-committed progenitor. III. W/ W mice do not make mast cell-committed progenitors and Sl/Sl d fibroblasts do not support development of normal mast cell-committed progenitors. J Immunol 142:2418, 1989

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. Jarboe DL, Marshall JS, Randolph TR, Kukolja A, Huff TF: The mast cell-committed progenitor. I. Description of a cell capable of IL-3-independent proliferation and differentiation without contact with fibroblasts. J Immunol 142:2405, 1989

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. Jarrett EEE, Haig DM: Mucosal mast cells in vivo and in vitro. Immunol Today 5:115, 1984

    Article  Google Scholar 

  136. Juhlin L: Basophil leukocyte differential in blood and bone marrow. Acta Haematol 29:89, 1963

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  137. Juhlin L, Michaëlsson G: A new syndrome characterized by absence of eosinophils and basophils. Lancet 1:1233, 1977

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  138. Kanakura Y, Kuriu A, Waki N, Nakano T, Asai H, Yonezawa T, Kitamura Y: Changes in numbers and types of mast cell colony-forming cells in the peritoneal cavity of mice after injection of distilled water: evidence that mast cells suppress differentiation of bone marrow-derived precursors. Blood 61:573, 1988

    Google Scholar 

  139. Kanakura Y, Thompson H, Nakano T, Yamamura T, Asai H, Kitamura Y, Metcalfe DD, Galli SJ: Multiple bidirectional alterations of phenotype and changes in proliferative potential during the in vitro and in vivo passage of clonal mast cell populations derived from mouse peritoneal mast cells. Blood 72:877, 1988

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  140. Katz HR, Austen KF: Mast cell glycosphingolipids. In Mast Cell and Basophil Differentiation and Function in Health and Disease, edited by Galli SJ, Austen KF, p 107. New York, Raven Press, 1989

    Google Scholar 

  141. Katz HR, Dayton ET, Levi-Schaffer F, Benson AC, Austen KF, Stevens RL: Coculture of mouse IL-3-dependent mast cells with 3T3 fibroblasts stimulates synthesis of globopentaosylceramide (Forssman glycolipid) by fibroblasts and surface expression on both populations. J Immunol 140:3090, 1988

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  142. Katz HR, LeBlanc PA, Russell SW: Two classes of mouse mast cells delineated by monoclonal antibodies. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80:5916–5918, 1983

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  143. Kawanami O, Ferrans VJ, Fulmer JD, Crystal RG: Ultrastructure of pulmonary mast cells in patients with fibrotic lung disorders. Lab Invest 40:717, 1979

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  144. Kindler V, Thorens B, de Kossodo S, Allet B, Eliason JF, Thatcher D, Farber N, Vassalli P: Stimulation of hematopoiesis in vivo by recombinant bacterial murine interleukin 3. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83:1001, 1986

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  145. Kirshenbaum AS, Goff JP, Dreskin SC, Irani A-M, Schwartz LB, Metcalfe DD: IL 3-dependent growth of basophil-like cells and mast-like cells from human bone marrow. J Immunol 142:2424, 1989

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  146. Kitamura Y: Heterogeneity of mast cells and phenotypic changes between subpopulations. Ann Rev Immunol, in press 1989

    Google Scholar 

  147. Kitamura Y, Go S: Decreased production of mast cells in Sl/Sl d anemic mice. Blood 53:492, 1979

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  148. Kitamura Y, Go S, Hatanaka S: Decrease of mast cells in W/W v mice and their increase by bone marrow transplantation. Blood 52:447, 1978

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  149. Kitamura Y, Nakayama H, Fujita J: Mechanism of mast cell deficiency in mutant mice of W/W v and Sl/Sl d genotype. In Mast Cell and Basophil Differentiation and Function in Health and Disease, edited by Galli SJ, Austen KF, p 15. New York, Raven Press, 1989

    Google Scholar 

  150. Kitamura Y, Sonoda T, Yokoyama M: Differentiation of tissue mast cells. In Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Alfred Benzon Symposium 18, edited by Killman SA, Cronkite EP, Muller-Berat CN, p 350. Copenhagen, Munksgaard, 1984

    Google Scholar 

  151. Kitamura Y, Yokoyama M, Matsuda H, Ohno T, Mori KJ: Spleen colony-forming cell as common precursor for tissue mast cells and granulocytes. Nature (London) 291:159, 1981

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  152. Kobayashi T, Nakano T, Nakahata T, Asai H, Yagi Y, Tsuji K, Komiyama A, Akabane T, Kojima S, Kitamura Y: Formation of mast cell colonies in methylcellulose by mouse peritoneal cells and differentiation of these cloned cells in both the skin and the gastric mucosa of W/W v mice: evidence that a common precursor can give rise to both “connective tissue-type” and “mucosal” mast cells. J Immunol 136:1378, 1986

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  153. Kowalski ML, Kaliner MA: Neurogenic inflammation, vascular permeability, and mast cells. J Immunol 140:3905, 1988

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  154. Krüger PG, Lagunoff D: Mast cell restoration. A study of the rat peritoneal mast cells after depletion with polymyxin B. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 65:278, 1981

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  155. Lagunoff D: Structural aspects of histamine binding: the mast cell granule. In Mechanisms of Release of Biogenic Amines, edited by von Euler US, Rosell S, Uvnäs B, p 79. Oxford, Pergamon Press, 1966

    Google Scholar 

  156. Lagunoff D: Contributions of electron microscopy to the study of mast cells. J Invest Dermatol 58:296, 1972

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  157. Lagunoff D, Benditt EP: Proteolytic enzymes of mast cells. Ann NY Acad Sci 103:185, 1963

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  158. Lawrence ID, Warner JA, Cohan VL, Hubbard WC, Kagey-Sobotka A, Lichtenstein LM: Purification and characterization of human skin mast cells: evidence for human mast cell heterogeneity. J Immunol 139:3062, 1987

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  159. Lee F, Yokota T, Otsuka T, Meyerson P, Villaret D, Coffman R, Mosmann T, Rennick D, Roehm N, Smith C, Zlotnick A, Arai K-I: Isolation and characterization of a mouse interleukin cDNA clone that expresses B cell stimulatory factor 1 activities and T-cell-and mast cell-stimulating activities. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83:2061, 1986

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  160. Lemanske Jr RF, Kaliner MA: Late-phase allergic reactions. In Allergy. Principles and Practice, edited by Middleton Jr E, Reed CE, Ellis EF, Adkinson Jr NF, Yunginger JW, p 224. St. Louis, The CV Mosby Company, 1988

    Google Scholar 

  161. Le Trong H, Neurath H, Woodbury RG: Substrate specificity of the chymotrypsin-like protease in secretory granules isolated from rat mast cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84:364–367, 1987

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  162. Leung KBP, Fling KC, Brostoff J, Hudspith BN, Johnson NMCI, Lau HYA, Liu WL, Pearce FL: Effects of sodium cromoglycate and nedocromil sodium on histamine secretion from human lung mast cells. Thorax 43:756, 1988

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  163. Levi-Schaffer F, Austen KF, Caulfield JP, Hein A, Bloes WF, Stevens RL: Fibroblasts maintain the phenotype and viability of the rat heparin-containing mast cells in vitro. J Immunol 135:3454, 1985

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  164. Levi-Schaffer F, Austen KF, Caulfield JP, Hein A, Gravallese PM, Stevens RL: Co-culture of human lung-derived mast cells with mouse 3T3 fibroblasts: morphology and IgE mediated release of histamine, prostaglandin D2, and leukotrienes. J Immunol 139:494, 1987

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  165. Levi-Shaffer F, Austen KF, Gravallese PM, Stevens RL: Coculture of interleukin 3-dependent mouse mast cells with fibroblasts results in a phenotypic change of the mast cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83:6485, 1986

    Article  Google Scholar 

  166. Levi-Schaffer F, Dayton ET, Austen KF, Hein A, Caulfield JP, Gravallese PM, Liu FT, Stevens RL: Mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells cocultured with fibroblasts: morphology and stimulation-induced release of histamine, leukotriene B4, leukotriene C4, and prostaglandin D2. J Immunol 139:3431, 1987

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  167. Lundberg JM, Franco-Cereceda A, Hua X, Hökfeit T, Fischer JA: Co-existence of substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptidelike immunoreactivities in sensory nerves in relation to cardiovascular and bronchoconstrictor effects of capsaicin. Eur J Pharmacol 108:315, 1985

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  168. Martin TR, Galli SJ, Katona IM, Drazen JM: The role of mast cells in anaphylaxis. Evidence for the importance of mast cells in the cardiopulmonary alterations and death induced by anti-IgE in mice. J Clin Invest 83:1375, 1989

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  169. Martin TR, Drazen JM, Galli SJ: Active anaphylaxis is associated with tachycardia in normal but not mast cell (MC)-deficient mice (abstr). FASEB J 3:A790, 1989

    Google Scholar 

  170. Matsuda H, Kawakita K, Kiso Y, Nakano T, Kitamura Y: Substance P induces granulocyte infiltration through degranulation of mast cells. J Immunol 142:927, 1989

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  171. Matsuda H, Nakano T, Kiso Y, Kitamura Y: Normalization of anti-tick response of mast cell-deficient W/W v mice by intracutaneous injection of cultured mast cells. J Parasitol 73:155, 1987

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  172. Maximow A: Über die Zellformen des lockeren Bindegewebes. Arch mikrosk Anat Entw Mech 67:680, 1905

    Article  Google Scholar 

  173. Mayrhofer G, Fisher R: Mast cells in severely T-cell depleted rats and the response to infestation with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. Immunology 37:145, 1979

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  174. Mayrhofer G, Gadd SJ, Spargo LDJ, Ashman LK: Specificity of a mouse monoclonal antibody raised against acute myeloid leukaemia cells for mast cells in human mucosal and connective tissues. Immunol Cell Biol 65(pt 3):241, 1987

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  175. Mekori YA, Chang JCC, Wershil BK, Galli SJ: Studies of the role of mast cells in contact sensitivity responses: passive transfer of the reaction into mast cell-deficient mice locally reconstituted with cultured mast cells; effect of reserpine on transfer of the reaction with DNP-specific cloned T cells. Cell Immunol 109:39, 1987

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  176. Mekori YA, Weitzman GL, Galli SJ: Reevaluation of reserpine-induced suppression of contact sensitivity. Evidence that reserpine interferes with T lymphocyte function independently of an effect on mast cells. J Exp Med 162:1935, 1985

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  177. Metcalf D: The molecular biology and functions of the granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factors. Blood 67:257, 1986

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  178. Metcalf D, Begley CG, Johnson NA, Nicola NA, Lopez AF, Williamson DJ: Effects of purified bacterially synthesized murine Multi-CSF (IL-3) on hematopoiesis in normal adult mice. Blood 68:46, 1986

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  179. Metcalfe DD, Kaliner M, Donlon MA: The mast cell. CRC Crit Rev Immunol 2:23, 1981

    Google Scholar 

  180. Metzger H, Alcaraz G, Hohman R, Kinet JP, Pribluda V, Quarto R: The receptor with high affinity for immunoglobulin E. Ann Rev Immunol 4:419, 1986

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  181. Michel L, Pitton C, Prost C, Masse J-M, Mencia-Huerta J-M, Burtin C, Maclouf J, Breton-Gorius J, Benveniste J, Dubertret L: Prostaglandin D2 generation in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells exposed to dexamethasone is associated with endogenous peroxidase activity. Lab Invest 59:613, 1988

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  182. Miller HRP, Huntley JF, Newlands GFJ, Mackellar A, Irvine J, Haig DM, MacDonald A, Lammas AD, Wakelin D, Woodbury RG: Mast cell granule proteases in mouse and rat: a guide to mast cell heterogeneity and activation in the gastrointestinal tract. In Mast Cell and Basophil Differentiation and Function in Health and Disease, edited by Galli SJ, Austen KF, p 81. New York, Raven Press, 1989

    Google Scholar 

  183. Miller L, Blank U, Metzger H, Kinet J-P: Expression of high-affinity binding of human immunoglobulin E by transfected cells. Science 244:334, 1989

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  184. Mitchell EB, Platts-Mills TAE, Pereira RS, Malkovska V, Webster AD: Basophil and eosinophil deficiency in a patient with hypogammaglobulinemia associated with thymoma. In Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases — Birth Defects Original Article Series, Vol 19, No 3, edited by Wedgwood RJ, Rosen FS, Paul NW, p 331. March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation, New York, Alan R. Liss, Inc, 1983

    Google Scholar 

  185. Moeller J, Hültner L, Schmitt E, Dörmer P: Partial purification of a mast cell growth-enhancing activity and its separation from IL-3 and IL-4. J Immunol 142:3447, 1989

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  186. Mori Y, Akedo Y, Tanigaki K, Tanaka KM, Okada M, Nakamura N: Effect of sodium butyrate on the production of serotonin, histamine, and glycosaminoglycans by cultured murine mastocytoma cells. Exp Cell Res 127:465, 1980

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  187. Mosmann TR, Cherwinski H, Bond MW, Giedlin MA, Coffman RL: Two types of murine helper T cell clone. I. Definition according to profiles of lymphokine activities and secreted proteins. J Immunol 136:2348, 1986

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  188. Murakami I, Ogawa M, Amo H, Ota K: Studies on kinetics of human leukocytes in vivo with 3H-thymidine autoradiography. II. Eosinophils and basophils. Acta Haematol Jpn 32:384, 1969

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  189. Nabel G, Galli SJ, Dvorak AM, Dvorak HF, Cantor H: Inducer T lymphocytes synthesize a factor that stimulates proliferation of cloned mast cells. Nature (London) 291:332, 1981

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  190. Naclerio RM, Meier HL, Kagey-Sobotka A, Norman PS, Lichtenstein LM: Mediator release after nasal airway challenge with allergen. Am Rev Respir Dis 128:597, 1983

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  191. Naclerio RM, Proud D, Togias AG, Adkinson Jr NF, Meyers DA, Kagey-Sobotka A, Plaut M, Norman PS, Lichtenstein LM: Inflammatory mediators in late antigen-induced rhinitis. N Engl J Med 313:65, 1985

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  192. Nagao K, Yokoro K, Aaronson SA: Continuous lines of basophil/ mast cells derived from normal mouse bone marrow. Science 212:333, 1981

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  193. Nakahata T, Kobayashi T, Ishiguro A, Tsuji K, Naganuma K, Ando O, Yagi Y, Tadokoro K, Akabane T: Extensive proliferation of mature connective tissue type mast cells in vitro. Nature (London) 324:65, 1986

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  194. Nakahata T, Spicer SS, Cantey JR, Ogawa M: Clonal origin of murine mast cell colonies in methylcellulose culture. Blood 60:352, 1981

    Google Scholar 

  195. Nakano T, Kanakura Y, Nakahata T, Matsuda H, Kitamura Y: Genetically mast cell-deficient W/W v mice as a tool for studies of differentiation and function of mast cells. Fed Proc 46:1920, 1987

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  196. Nakano T, Sonoda T, Hayashi C, Yamatodani A, Kanayama Y, Yamamura T, Asai H, Yonezawa Y, Kitamura Y, Galli SJ: Fate of bone marrow-derived cultured mast cells after intracutaneous intraperitoneal and intravenous transfer into genetically mast cell-deficient W/W v mice. Evidence that cultured mast cells can give rise to both connective tissue-type and mucosal mast cells. J Exp Med 162:1025, 1985

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  197. Ogawa M, Nakahata T, Leary AG, Sterk AR, Ishizaka K, Ishizaka T: Suspension culture of human mast cells/biasophils from umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80:4494, 1983

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  198. Osgood EE: Culture of human marrow: length of life of the neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils of normal blood as determined by comparative cultures of blood and sternal marrow from healthy persons. J Am Med Assoc 109:933, 1937

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  199. Otsu K, Nakano T, Kanakura Y, Asai H, Katz HR, Austen KF, Stevens RL, Galli SJ, Kitamura Y: Phenotypic changes of bone marrow-derived mast cells after intraperitoneal transfer into W/ W mice that are genetically deficient in mast cells. J Exp Med 165:615, 1987

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  200. Padawer J: The mast cell and immediate hypersensitivity. In Immediate Hypersensitivity, Vol 7, edited by Bach MD, p 301. New York, Marcel Dekker, 1979

    Google Scholar 

  201. Parwaresch MR: The Human Blood Basophil, New York, Springer-Verlag, 1976

    Book  Google Scholar 

  202. Paul WE: The immune system: an introduction. In Fundamental Immunology, edited by Paul WE, p 3. New York, Raven Press, 1984

    Google Scholar 

  203. Paul WE, Ohara J: B-cell stimulatory factor-1/interleukin 4. Ann Rev Immunol 5:429, 1987

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  204. Pearce FL: Functional differences between mast cells from various locations. In Mast Cell Differentiation and Heterogeneity, edited by Befus AD, Bienenstock J, Denburg JA, p 215. New York, Raven Press, 1986

    Google Scholar 

  205. Pearce FL, Ali H, Barrett KE, Befus AD, Bienenstock J, Brostoff J, Ennis M, Flint KC, Hudspith B, Johnson NM, Leung KBP, Peachell PT: Functional characteristics of mucosal and connective tissue mast cells of man, the rat and other animals. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 77:274, 1985

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  206. Pharr PN, Ogawa M: A stochastic model for mast cell/basophil differentiation from pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells. In Mast Cell Differentiation and Heterogeneity, edited by Befus AD, Bienenstock J, Denburg JA, p 63. New York, Raven Press, 1986

    Google Scholar 

  207. Pharr PN, Suda T, Bergmann KL, Avila LA, Ogawa M: Analysis of pure and mixed mast cell colonies. J Cell Physiol 120:1, 1984

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  208. Pierce JH, Di Fiore PP, Aaronson SA, Potter M, Pumphrey J, Scott A, Ihle JN: Neoplastic transformation of mast cells by Abelson-MuLV: abrogation of IL-3 dependence by a nonautocrine mechanism. Cell 41:685, 1985

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  209. Pitton C, Michel L, Salem P, Benhamou M, Mencia-Huerta J-M, Maclouf J, Prost C, Burtin C, Dubertret L, Benveniste J: Biochemical and morphological modifications in dexamethasone-treated mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells. J Immunol 141:2437, 1988

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  210. Plaut M, Pierce JH, Watson CJ, Hanley-Hyde J, Nordan RP, Paul WE: Mast cell lines produce lymphokines in response to cross-linkage of Fc,RI or to calcium ionophores. Nature (London) 339:64, 1989

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  211. Pretlow TG, Cassady IM: Separation of mast cells in successive stages of differentiation using programmed gradient sedimentation. Am J Pathol 61:323, 1970

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  212. Quesenberry PJ: The concept of the hemopoietic stem cell. In Hematology, 3rd Edition, edited by Williams WJ, Beutler E, Erslev AJ, Lichtman MA, p 129. New York, McGraw-Hill, 1983

    Google Scholar 

  213. Qureshi R, Jakschik BA: The role of mast cells in thioglycollate-induced inflammation. J Immunol 141:2090, 1988

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  214. Razin E, Cordon-Cardo C, Good RA: Growth of a pure population of mouse mast cells in vitro with conditioned medium derived from concanavalin A-stimulated splenocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 28:2559, 1981

    Article  Google Scholar 

  215. Razin E, Rifkind AB, Cordon-Cardo C, Good RA: Selective growth of a population of human basophil cells in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78:5793, 1981

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  216. Razin E, Stevens RL, Akiyama F, Schmidt K, Austen KF: Culture from mouse bone marrow of a subclass of mast cells possessing a distinct chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan with glycosaminoglycans rich in N-acetylgalactosamine-4, 6-disulfate. J Biol Chem 257:7229, 1982

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  217. Reed ND: Function and regulation of mast cells in parasite infections. In Mast Cell and Basophil Differentiation and Function in Health and Disease, edited by Galli SJ, Austen KF, p 205. New York, Raven Press, 1989

    Google Scholar 

  218. Reed ND, Dehlawi MS, Wakelin D: Medium conditioned by spleen cells of Nematospiroides dubius-infected mice does not support development of cultured mast cells. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 85:113, 1988

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  219. Rein A, Keller J, Schultz AM, Holmes KL, Medicus R, Ihle JN: Infection of immune mast cells by Harvey sarcoma virus: immortalization without loss of requirement for interleukin-3. Mol Cell Biol 5:2257, 1985

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  220. Rennick D, Lee FD, Yokota T, Arai K-I, Cantor H, Nabel G: A cloned MCGF cDNA encodes a multilineage hematopoietic growth-factor: multiple activities of interleukin 3. J Immunol 134:910, 1985

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  221. Reshef A, MacGlashan DW: Immunogold probe for the light-microscopic phenotyping of human mast cells and basophils. J Immunol Methods 99:213, 1987

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  222. Reynolds DS, Serafin WE, Faller DV, Wall DA, Abbas AK, Dvorak AM, Austen KF, Stevens RL: Immortalization of murine connective tissue-type mast cells at multiple stages of their differentiation by coculture of splenocytes with fibroblasts that produce Kirsten Sarcoma virus. J Biol Chem 263:12783, 1988

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  223. Riley JF: The riddle of the mast cells-a tribute to Paul Ehrlich. Lancet i:841, 1954

    Article  Google Scholar 

  224. Rimmer EF, Turberville C, Horton MA: Cell membrane glycoproteins of human mast cells: a biochemical comparison with basophils. Exp Hematol 14:809, 1986

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  225. Roberts RA, Spooncer E, Parkinson EK, Lord BI, Allen TD, Dexter TM: Metabolically inactive 3T3 cells can substitute for marrow stromal cells to promote the proliferation and development of multipotent haematopoietic stem cells. J Cell Physiol 132:203, 1987

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  226. Robinson HC, Lindahl U: Effect of cyclohexamide, β-D-xylosides and β-D-galactosides on heparin biosynthesis in mouse mastocytoma. Biochem J 194:575, 1981

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  227. Röhlich R, Anderson P, Uvnäs B: Electron microscopic observations on compound 48/80-induced degranulation in rat mast cells. Evidence for sequential exocytosis of storage granules. J Cell Biol 51:465, 1971

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  228. Ruitenberg RJ, Elgersma A: Absence of intestinal mast cell responses in congenitally athymic mice during Trichinella spiralis infection. Nature (London) 264:258, 1976

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  229. Ruitenberg EJ, Gustowska L, Elgersma A, Ruitenberg HM: Effects of fixation on the light microscopical visualization of mast cells in the mucosa and connective tissue of the human duodenum. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 67:233, 1982

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  230. Russell ES: Hereditary anemias of the mouse: a review for geneticists. Adv Genet 20:357, 1979

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  231. Saito H, Hatake K, Dvorak AM, Leiferman KM, Donnenberg AD, Arai N, Ishizaka K, Ishizaka T: Selective differentiation and proliferation of hematopoietic cells induced by recombinant human interleukins. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85:2288, 1988

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  232. Schechter NM, Franki JE, Geesin JC, Lazarus GS: Human skin chymotryptic proteinase. I. Isolation and relation to cathepsin G and rat mast cell protease. J Biol Chem 258:2973, 1983

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  233. Schiller S, Dorfman A: The isolation of heparin from mast cells of the normal rat. Biochim Biophys Acta 31:276, 1959

    Article  Google Scholar 

  234. Schleimer RP, MacGlashan Jr DW, Gillespie E, Lichtenstein LM: Inhibition of basophil histamine release by antiinflammatory steroids. II. Studies on the mechanism of action. J Immunol 129:1632, 1982

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  235. Schleimer RP, Schulman ES, MacGlashan Jr DW, Peters SP, Hayes EC, Adams GK, Lichtenstein LM, Adkinson Jr NF: Effects of dexamethasone on mediator release from human lung fragments and purified human lung mast cells. J Clin Invest 71:1830, 1983

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  236. Schrader JW: The in vitro production and cloning of the P cell, a bone marrow-derived null cell that expresses H-2 and la-antigens, has mast cell-like granules, and is regulated by a factor released by activated T cells. J Immunol 126:452, 1981

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  237. Schulman ES, Kagey-Sobotka A, MacGlashan DW Jr, Franklin-Adkinson N Jr, Peters SP, Schleimer RP, Lichtenstein LM: Heterogeneity of human mast cells. J Immunol 131:1936, 1983

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  238. Schwartz LB: Heterogeneity of mast cells in humans. In Mast Cell and Basophil Differentiation and Function in Health and Disease, edited by Galli SJ, Austen KF, p 93. New York, Raven Press, 1989

    Google Scholar 

  239. Schwartz LB, Austen KF: Structure and function of the chemical mediators of mast cells. Prog Allergy 34:271, 1984

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  240. Seldin DC, Caulfield CP, Hein A, Osathanondh R, Nabel G, Schlossman SF, Stevens RL, Austen KF: Biochemical and phenotypic characterization of human basophilic cells derived from dispersed fetal liver with murine T cell factors. J Immunol 136:2222, 1986

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  241. Selye H: The Mast Cells, Washington, D.C., Butterworths, 1965

    Google Scholar 

  242. Serafin WE, Katz HR, Austen KF, Stevens RL: Complexes of heparin proteoglycans, chondroitin sulfate E proteoglycans, and (3H)-diisopropyl fluorophosphate-binding proteins are exocytosed from activated mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells. J Biol Chem 261:15017, 1986

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  243. Shevach EM: Macrophages and other accessory cells. In Fundamental Immunology, edited by Paul WE, p. 71. New York, Raven Press, 1984

    Google Scholar 

  244. Shimizu A, Tepler I, Benfey PN, Berenstein EH, Siraganian RP, Leder P: Human and rat mast cell high-affinity immunoglobulin E receptors: characterization of putative α-chain gene products. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85:1907, 1988

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  245. Shohet SB, Blum SF: Coincident basophilic chronic myelogenous leukemia and pulmonary tuberculosis. Cancer 22:173, 1968

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  246. Slifman NR, Adolphson CR, Gleich GJ: Eosinophils: biochemical and cellular aspects. In Allergy. Principles and Practice, edited by Middleton Jr E, Reed CE, Ellis EF, Adkinson Jr NF, Yunginger JW, p 179. St. Louis, The CV Mosby Company, 1988

    Google Scholar 

  247. Sonoda S, Sonoda T, Nakano T, Kanayama Y, Kanakura Y, Asai H, Yonezawa T, Kitamura Y: Development of mucosal mast cells after injection of a single connective tissue-type mast cell in the stomach mucosa of genetically mast cell-deficient W/W v mice. J Immunol 137:1319, 1986

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  248. Sredni B, Friedman MM, Bland CE, Metcalfe DD: Ultrastructural, biochemical and functional characteristics of histamine-containing cells cloned from mouse bone marrow: tentative identification as mucosal mast cells. J Immunol 131:915, 1983

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  249. Stead RH, Perdue MH, Blennerhassett MG, Kakuta Y, Sestini P, Bienenstock J: The innervation of mast cells. In The Neuroen-docrine-Immune Network, edited by Freier S. Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  250. Stedman’s Medical Dictionary: Ed 23, Baltimore, Williams and Wilkins Company, 1976

    Google Scholar 

  251. Stevens RL, Austen KF: Effect of p-nitrophenyl-β-D-xyloside on proteoglycan and glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis in rat serosal mast cells. J Biol Chem 257:253, 1982

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  252. Stevens RL, Katz JR, Seldin DS, Austen KF: Biochemical characteristics distinguish subclasses of mammalian mast cells. In Mast Cell Differentiation and Heterogeneity, edited by Befus AD, Bienenstock J, Denburg JA, p 183. New York, Raven Press, 1986

    Google Scholar 

  253. Stevens RL, Rothenberg ME, Levi-Schaffer F, Austen KF: Ontogeny of in vitro-differentiated mouse mast cells. Fed Proc 46:1915, 1987

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  254. Stevens RL, Serafin WE, Reynolds DS, Dayton ET, Gravallese PM, Austen KF: Development and characterization of in vitro-differentiated transformed and non-transformed mouse connective tissue-like mast cells, and the regulation of fibroblasts by these mast cells. In Mast Cell and Basophil Differentiation and Function in Health and Disease, edited by Galli SJ, Austen KF, p 1. New York, Raven Press, 1989

    Google Scholar 

  255. Strobel S, Miller HRP, Ferguson A: Human intestinal mucosal mast cells: evaluation of fixation and staining techniques. J Clin Pathol 34:851, 1981

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  256. Subba Rao PV, Friedman MM, Atkins FM, Metcalfe DD: Phagocytosis of mast cell granules by cultured fibroblasts. J Immunol 130:341, 1983

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  257. Suda T, Suda J, Spicer SS, Ogawa M: Proliferation and differentiation in culture of mast cell progenitors derived from mast-cell deficient mice of genotype W/W v. J Cell Physiol 122:187, 1985

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  258. Tadokoro K, Stadler BM, de Weck AL: Factor-dependent in vitro growth of human normal bone-marrow-derived basophil-like cells. J Exp Med 158:857, 1983

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  259. Tadokoro K, Stadler GM, de Weck AL: Further biochemical characterization of human basophil-like cell-promoting activity and its distinction from human interleukin-3-like activity. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 86:162, 1988

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  260. Tas J, Bernsden RG: Does heparin occur in mucosal mast cells of the rat small intestine? J Histochem Cytochem 25:1058, 1977

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  261. Tertian G, Yung YP, Guy-Grand D, Moore MAS: Long term in vitro culture of murine mast cells. I. Description of a growth-factor dependent culture technique. J Immunol 127:788, 1981

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  262. Tracey R, Smith H: An inherited anomaly of human eosinophils and basophils. Blood Cells 4:291, 1978

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  263. Urbina C, Ortiz C, Hurtado I: A new look at basophils in mice. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 66:158, 1981

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  264. Vanderhoek JY, Tare NS, Bailey JM, Goldstein AL, Pluznik DH: New role for 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid. Activator of leukotriene biosynthesis in PT-18 mast/basophil cells. J Biol Chem 257:12191, 1982

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  265. Weitzman G, Galli SJ, Dvorak AM, Hammel I: Cloned mouse mast cells and normal mouse peritoneal mast cells. Determination of serotonin content, and ability to synthesize serotonin in vitro. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 77:189, 1985

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  266. Wershil BK, Galli SJ: 125I-fibrin deposition in IgE-dependent gastric reactions in the mouse: the role of mast cells (MCs) (abstr). FASEB J 3:A789, 1989

    Google Scholar 

  267. Wershil BK, Mekori YA, Galli SJ: The contribution of mast cells to immunological responses with IgE-and/or T cell-mediated components. In Mast Cell and Basophil Differentiation and Function in Health and Disease, edited by Galli SJ, Austen KF, p 229. New York, Raven Press, 1989

    Google Scholar 

  268. Wershil BK, Mekori YA, Murakami T, Galli SJ: 125I-Fibrin deposition in IgE-dependent immediate hypersensitivity reactions in mouse skin. Demonstration of the role of mast cells using genetically mast cell-deficient mice locally reconstituted with cultured mast cells. J Immunol 139:2605, 1987

    Google Scholar 

  269. Wershil BK, Murakami T, Galli SJ: Mast cell-dependent amplification of an immunologically nonspecific inflammatory response. Mast cells are required for the full expression of cutaneous acute inflammation induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. J Immunol 140:2356, 1988

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  270. Wodnar-Filipowicz A, Heusser CH, Moroni C: Production of the haemopoietic growth factors GM-CSF and interleukin-3 by mast cells in response to IgE receptor-mediated activation. Nature (London) 339;150, 1989

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  271. Woodbury RG, Neurath H: Structure, specificity, and localization of the serine proteases of connective tissue. FEBS Lett 114:189, 1980

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  272. Woodbury RG, Everitt M, Katanuma N, Lagunoff D, Neurath H: A major serine protease in skeletal muscle. Evidence for its mast cell origin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 75:5311, 1978

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  273. Woodbury RG, Gruzenski GM, Lagunoff D: Immunofluorescent localization of a serine protease in rat small intestine. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 75:2785, 1978

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  274. Woodbury RG, Le Trong H, Cole K, Neurath H, Miller HRP: Rat mast cell proteases. In Mast Cell and Basophil Differentiation and Function in Health and Disease, edited by Galli SJ, Austen KF, p 71. New York, Raven Press, 1989

    Google Scholar 

  275. Yano H, Wershil BK, Arizono N, Galli SJ: Substance P-induced augmentation of cutaneous vascular permeability and granulocyte infiltration in mice is mast cell dependent. J Clin Invest 84:1276, 1989

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  276. Yokota T, Lee F, Rennick D, Hall C, Arai N, Mosmann T, Nabel G, Cantor H, Arai K: Isolation and characterization of a mouse cDNA clone that expresses mast-cell growth-factor activity in monkey cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81:1070, 1984

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  277. Young JD-E, Liu CC, Butler G, Cohn ZA, Galli SJ: Identification, purification and characterization of a mast cell-associated cytolytic factor related to tumor necrosis factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84:9175, 1987

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  278. Yuen E, Brown RD, van der Lubbe L, Rickard KA, Kronenberg H: Identification and characterization of human hemopoietic mast cell colonies. Exp Hematol 16:896, 1988

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  279. Yung Y-P, Moore MAS: Long-term in vitro culture of murine mast cells. III. Discrimination of mast cell growth-factor and granulocyte CSF. J Immunol 129:1256, 1982

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  280. Yung Y-P, Moore MAS: Mast cell growth-factor. Lymphokine Res 2:127, 1983

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  281. Yurt RW, Austen KF: Preparative purification of rat mast cell chymase. Characterization and interaction with granule components. J Exp Med 146:1405; 1977

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  282. Yurt RW, Leid RW, Austen KF, Silbert JE: Native heparin from rat peritoneal mast cells. J Biol Chem 252:518, 1977

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  283. Zucker-Franklin D: Electron microscopic study of human basophils. Blood 29:878, 1967

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  284. Zucker-Franklin D, Grusky G, Hirayama N, Schnipper E: The presence of mast cell precursors in rat peripheral blood. Blood 58:544, 1981

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departments of Pathology, Beth Israel Hospital and Harvard Medical School; and the Charles A. Dana Research Institute, Beth Israel Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    Stephen J. Galli

Authors
  1. Stephen J. Galli
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Jefferson Medical College Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

    Emanuel Rubin MD (Gonzalo Aponte Professor and Chairman) & Ivan Damjanov MD (Professor) (Gonzalo Aponte Professor and Chairman) &  (Professor)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1990 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Galli, S.J. (1990). New Insights into “The Riddle of the Mast Cells”: Microenvironmental Regulation of Mast Cell Development and Phenotypic Heterogeneity. In: Rubin, E., Damjanov, I. (eds) Pathology Reviews • 1990. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0485-5_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0485-5_5

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-6783-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-0485-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation