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Environment, Epigenetic, and Disease: The Modifiable Trilogy

  • Chapter
Environmental Epigenetics

Part of the book series: Molecular and Integrative Toxicology ((MOLECUL))

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Abstract

From conception, to gestation, birth, and throughout the life course maternal behaviors (e.g. nutrition, exercise, social interactions), and exposure to pathogens, define how the body responds to stimuli and the susceptibility to complex diseases like asthma, obesity, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. This chapter summarizes the relationship between the environment, epigenetics and disease. In the last 20 years, this relationship has been the focus of intense research. Epigenetic alterations due to environmental insult may be reversible through novel treatment options. By changing the epigenetic “landscape” through simple lifestyle modification, disease risk may be ameliorated, thus improving healthspan. As we advance our understanding of the “epigenome”, the portion of human genome that is either expressed or repressed in disease based on epigenetic status, we may be able to modify this profile to reduce potential sequelae. New technologies have become available allowing scientists to study epigenetic processes targeting specific genes, genomic regions, and even entire genomes. Further advances in this field are crucial to understanding the role of epigenetic modifications in normal biological functions and disease states. Because epigenetics is implicated in growth and development, cell differentiation, tumorigenesis, and many other important cellular processes involved in both normal function and disease states, the need to understand and measure epigenetic changes is becoming increasingly important.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported partially by grant numbers P20MD004817, 1U54MD008176-01, and P20GM103501.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Behavioral & Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 2020 Gravier Street, Lions Building, 3rd Floor, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA

    Nicole E. Pelligrino, Maura C. Mohler, Robert B. Uddo & Melinda Sothern

  2. School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1700 Tulane Ave, Room 909, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA

    Dustin Lovas

  3. Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 2020 Gravier Street, Lions Building, 3rd Floor, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA

    Richard Scribner

  4. Department of Pediatrics and Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1700 Tulane Ave, Room 909, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA

    Jovanny Zabaleta

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  1. Nicole E. Pelligrino
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Correspondence to Jovanny Zabaleta .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Epidemiology and Genomic Research Program, Modifiable Risk Factors Branch, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA

    L. Joseph Su

  2. Research Participation Program at Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research at the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge Associate University (ORAU), Oak Ridge, Tennessee, Tennessee, USA

    Tung-chin Chiang

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Pelligrino, N.E. et al. (2015). Environment, Epigenetic, and Disease: The Modifiable Trilogy. In: Su, L., Chiang, Tc. (eds) Environmental Epigenetics. Molecular and Integrative Toxicology. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-6678-8_13

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