Abstract
In the 1950s the brain was conceived as a collection of “centers” for the storage and release of stereotypic behaviors, such as feeding, respiration, shivering, sleep, rage, fear, and sexual activity. The experimental strategy for localization of the center for a specific behavior was three-fold: focal ablation to abolish it; focal stimulation to reproduce it; and electrical recording with a depth electrode to observe the neural activity that drove it. This phrenological conception still governs a large proportion of neurobehavioral research. To a large extent it is the main principle used to guide the use of new techniques for brain imaging by fMRI, SPECT, PET, and related methods for measuring metabolic activity and blood flow in brains of subjects engaged in specific behaviors. The aim is to identify complex cognitive functions with the locations colored spots on 2D projections of brain images. Owing to its simplicity this conception has widespread appeal, but it poorly serves thinking about brain organization and activity, and it led me into a series of failed predictions (Freeman 1961a).
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Freeman, W.J. (2000). Spatial Mapping of Evoked Brain Potentials and EEGs to Define Population State Variables. In: Neurodynamics: An Exploration in Mesoscopic Brain Dynamics. Perspectives in Neural Computing. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0371-4_2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0371-4_2
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