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Sonic Speed on Pedestrian Dynamics: Relation between Sonic Speed and Density

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Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics

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Abstract

This paper discusses the sonic speed on pedestrian dynamics, in which the flow of pedestrians at bottlenecks shows some similarity to a supersonic airflow in aerodynamics at narrow passage. In order to consider the analogy between these two dynamics, we have investigated the propagation speed of starting wave of pedestrians by performing walking experiments along a line. The propagation speed of successive reaction of pedestrians is regarded as the sonic speed in pedestrian dynamics in terms of propagations of a perturbation. The experimental result shows that the sonic speed in pedestrian dynamics is inversely proportional to the power of the density of pedestrians like in aerodynamics, if the pressure in pedestrian dynamics is assumed as a constant. Moreover, we have found that the power index obtained from the numerical simulations based on the stochastic cellular automaton model is the same with the power index in experiments.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Kozo Keikaku Engineering Inc. in Japan for the assistance of the experiments. This work is financially supported by Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists from Meiji University in Japan, the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science and the Japan Science and Technology Agency.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Meiji Institute for Advanced Study of Mathematical Sciences, Meiji University, Higashi Mita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan

    A. Tomoeda

  2. Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 4-6-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan

    A. Tomoeda & K. Nishinari

  3. Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 4-6-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan

    D. Yanagisawa

  4. The Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-8471, Japan

    D. Yanagisawa

  5. PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Komaba 4-6-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan

    K. Nishinari

Authors
  1. A. Tomoeda
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  2. D. Yanagisawa
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  3. K. Nishinari
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to A. Tomoeda .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Technology, Fire Research Division, National Institute of Standards and, Gaithersburg, 20899-1070, Maryland, USA

    Richard D. Peacock

  2. Technology, Fire Research Division, National Institute of Standards and, Gaithersburg, 20899-1070, Maryland, USA

    Erica D. Kuligowski

  3. Technology, Fire Research Division, National Institute of Standards and, Gaithersburg, 20899-1070, Maryland, USA

    Jason D. Averill

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Tomoeda, A., Yanagisawa, D., Nishinari, K. (2011). Sonic Speed on Pedestrian Dynamics: Relation between Sonic Speed and Density. In: Peacock, R., Kuligowski, E., Averill, J. (eds) Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9725-8_95

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9725-8_95

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-9724-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4419-9725-8

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

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