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Copper and Alzheimer Disease: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly

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Metal Ion in Stroke

Part of the book series: Springer Series in Translational Stroke Research ((SSTSR))

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Abstract

Copper is vital to normal brain function; but its potent redox activity demands tight regulation to maintain the integrity of copper homeostasis. Disrupted regulation can result in copper displacement, causing inadvertent interactions between copper and cellular components, which can enhance the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), formation of neurotoxic copper–protein aggregates, and eventually, neuronal cell death. Disrupted copper homeostasis is a feature common to many neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease, Wilson’s disease, Menkes disease and prion disease. This review focuses on the involvement of copper in AD. An intrinsic reciprocal relationship exists between copper and AD-associated proteins, amyloid precursor protein (APP) and BACE1. Under conditions of copper dysregulation, the postsynaptic release of both copper and Aβ into the synaptic cleft of glutamatergic neurons promotes the abnormal interaction of redox-active Aβ with copper, forming neurotoxic soluble Aβ oligomers. A cascade of Aβ aggregation ensues, resulting in extracellular amyloid plaques, a pathological hallmark of AD. Additionally, copper also participates in the aggregation of tau, the core component of neurofibrillary tangles, which is the other defining pathology of AD brains. Therapeutic strategies targeting interactions among Aβ, tau and metals to restore copper and metal balance have disease-modifying promise.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Oxidation Biology Laboratory, Mental Health Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia

    Ya Hui Hung, Ashley I. Bush & Robert A. Cherny

  2. Centre for Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia

    Ya Hui Hung

  3. Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia

    Ashley I. Bush

Authors
  1. Ya Hui Hung
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  2. Ashley I. Bush
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  3. Robert A. Cherny
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Correspondence to Robert A. Cherny .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. , Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, 346 Irvine Hall, Athens, 45701, Ohio, USA

    Yang V. Li

  2. Loma Linda University, 11234 Anderson Street, Room 2562B, Loma Linda, 92354, California, USA

    John H. Zhang

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© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media New York

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Hung, Y.H., Bush, A.I., Cherny, R.A. (2012). Copper and Alzheimer Disease: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly. In: Li, Y., Zhang, J. (eds) Metal Ion in Stroke. Springer Series in Translational Stroke Research. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9663-3_30

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