Skip to main content

Disturbances of Pain Perception in Menstrual Cycle-Related Disorders

  • Chapter
Pathophysiology of Pain Perception

Part of the book series: Plenum Series in Rehabilitation and Health ((SSRH))

  • 335 Accesses

Abstract

The female menstrual cycle is associated with multiple hormonal, physiological and psychological changes. Over the centuries menarche has been referred to as both a rite of passage into womanhood and a curse to be endured. Indeed, there is now a debate over the use of oral contraceptives for the express purpose of reducing the frequency or even discontinuing menstruation. Epidemiological and survey data indicate that over one-third of women in the general population experience significant physical and psychological symptoms across the menstrual cycle, with pain being among the most common symptoms (Huerta-Franco & Malacara, 1993; Kessel & Coppen, 1963). The purpose of this chapter is to present information related to alterations in pain perception associated with menstrual cycle-related clinical conditions. First, an overview of research examining changes in pain sensitivity across the menstrual cycle will be presented. Then, research investigating pain perception in women with dysmenorrhea and premenstrual dysphoric disorders will be reviewed. Finally, menstrual cycle influences on clinical symptoms in several pain disorders will be considered, and practical implications will be discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Aberger, E., Denney, D., & Hutchings, D. F. (1983). Pain sensitivity and coping strategies among dysmenorrheic women: much ado about nothing. Behavior, Research and Therapy, 21, 119–127.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aloisi, A. M. (2000). Sensory effects of gonadal hormones. In R. B. Fillingim (Ed.), Sex, Gender, and Pain (pp. 7–24). Seattle: IASP Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • American Psychiatric Association (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSMIV (4th ed.). Washington, D. C.: American Psychiatric Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Amodei, N., & Nelson Gray, R. O. (1989). Reactions of dysmenorrheic and nondysmenorrheic women to experimentally induced pain throughout the menstrual cycle. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 12, 373–385.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Anderberg, U., Marteinsdottir, I., Hallman, J., & Backstrom, T. (1998). Variability in cyclicity affects pain and other symptoms in female fibromyalgia syndrome patients. Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain, 6, 5–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anderberg, U., Marteinsdottir, I., Hallman, J., Ekselius, L., & Backstrom, T. (1999). Symptom status in relation to hormonal status in female fibromyalgia syndrome patients. Journal of Musculoskektal Pain, 7, 21–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bajaj, P., Arendt-Nielsen, L., Bajaj, P., & Madsen, H. (2001). Sensory changes during the ovulatory phase of the menstrual cycle in healthy women. European Journal of Pain, 5, 135–146.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Banikarim, C., Chacko, M. R., & Kelder, S. H. (2000). Prevalence and impact of dysmenorrhea on Hispanic female adolescents. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 154, 1226–1229.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Barnhart, K. T., Freeman, E. W., & Sondheimer, S. J. (1995). A clinician’s guide to the premenstrual syndrome. Medical Clinics of North America, 79, 1457–1472.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Carlson, C. R., Reid, K. I., Curran, S. L., Studts, J., Okeson, J. P., Falace, D., Nitz, A., & Bertrand, P. M. (1998). Psychological and physiological parameters of masticatory muscle pain. Pain, 76, 297–307.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Case, A. M., & Reid, R. L. (1998). Effects of the menstrual cycle on medical disorders. Archives of Internal Medicine, 158, 1405–1412.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dao, T. T., Knight, K., & Ton-That, V. (1998). Modulation of myofascial pain by the reproductive hormones: a preliminary report. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 79, 663–670.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Deuster, P. A., Adera, T., & South-Paul, J. (1999). Biological, social, and behavioral factors associated with premenstrual syndrome. Archives of Family Medicine, 8, 122–128.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Facchinetti, F., Martignoni, E., Petraglia, F., Sances, M. G., Nappi, G., & Genazzani, A. R. (1987). Premenstrual fall of plasma beta-endorphin in patients with premenstrual syndrome. Fertility and Sterility, 47, 570–573.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fillingim, R. B., & Ness, T. J. (2000). Sex-related hormonal influences on pain and analgesic responses. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 24, 485–501.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fillingim, R. B., Girdler, S. S., Booker, D. K., Light, K. C., Harris, M. B., & Maixner, W. (1995). Pain sensitivity in females with premenstrual dysphoric disorder: A preliminary report. Journal of Women’s Health, 4, 367–374.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fillingim, R. B., Maixner, W., Girdler, S. S., Light, K. C., Harris, M. B., Sheps, D. S., & Mason, G. A. (1997). Ischemic but not thermal pain sensitivity varies across the menstrual cycle. Psychosomatic Medicine, 59, 512–520.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Giamberardino, M. A., Berkley, K. J., Iezzi, S., Debigontina, P., & Vecchiet, L. (1997a). Pain threshold variations in somatic wall tissues as a function of menstrual cycle, segmental site and tissue depth in non-dysmenorrheic women, dysmenorrheic women and men. Pain, 71, 187–197.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Giamberardino, M. A., Berkley, K. J., Iezzi, S., Debigontina, H., & Vecchiet, L. (1997b). Pain threshold variations in somatic wall tissues as a function of menstrual cycle, segmental site and tissue depth in non-dysmenorrheic women, dysmenorrheic women and men. Pain, 71, 187–197.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goolkasian, P. (1980). Cyclic changes in pain perception: An ROC analysis. Perception and Psychophysics, 27, 499–504.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goolkasian, P. (1983a). An ROC analysis of pain reactions in dysmenorrheic and nondysmenorrheic women. Perception and Psychophysics, 34, 381–386.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goolkasian, P. (1983b). An ROC analysis of pain reactions in dysmenorrheic and nondysmenorrheic women. Perception and Psychophysics, 34, 381–386.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Granot, M., Yarnitsky, D., Itskovitz-Eldor, J., Granovsky, Y., Peer, E., & Zimmer, E. Z. (2001). Pain perception in women with dysmenorrhea(l). Obstetrics & Gynecology, 98, 407–411.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Halbreich, U., & Endicott J. (1981). Possible involvement of endorphin withdrawal or imbalance in specific premenstrual symptoms and postpartum depression. Medical Hypotheses, 7, 1045–1058.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Haman, J. O. (1944). Pain threshold in dysmenorrhea. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 47, 686–691.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hapidou, E. G. & De Catanzaro, D. (1988a). Sensitivity to cold pressor pain in dysmenorrheic and non-dysmenorrheic women as a function of menstrual cycle phase. Pain, 34, 277–283.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hapidou, E. G., & De Catanzaro, D. (1988b). Sensitivity to cold pressor pain in dysmenorrheic and non-dysmenorrheic women as a function of menstrual cycle phase. Pain, 34, 277–283.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hapidou, E. G., & Rollman, G. B. (1998). Menstrual cycle modulation of tender points. Pain, 77, 151–161.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Harlow, S. D., & Park, M. (1996). A longitudinal study of risk factors for the occurrence, duration and severity of menstrual cramps in a cohort of college women. Britisch Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 103, 1134–1142.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heitkemper, M. M.,Jarrett, M., Cain, K. C., Shaver, J., Walker, E., & Lewis, L. (1995). Daily gastrointestinal symptoms in women with and without a diagnosis of IBS. Digestive Diseases & Sciences, 40, 1511–1519.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hellstrom, B., & Lundberg, U. (2000). Pain perception to the cold pressor test during the menstrual cycle in relation to estrogen levels and a comparison with men. Integrative Physiological and Behavioral Science, 35, 132–141.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fillen, T. I., Grbavac, S. L.Johnston, P. J., Straton, J. A., & Keogh, J. M. (1999). Primary dysmenorrhea in young Western Australian women: prevalence, impact, and knowledge of treatment. Journal of Adolescent Health, 25, 40–45.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Houghton, L. A., Lea, R., Jackson, N., & Whorwell, P. J. (2002). The menstrual cycle affects rectal sensitivity in patients with irritable bowel syndrome but not healthy volunteers. Gut, 50, 471–474.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Huerta-Franco, M. R., & Malacara, J. M. (1993). Association of physical and emotional symptoms with the menstrual cycle and life-style. Journal of Reproductive Medicine, 38, 448–454.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Isselee, H., De Laat, A., Bogaerts, K., & Lysens, R. (2001). Long-term fluctuations of pressure pain thresholds in healthy men, normally menstruating women and oral contraceptive users. European Journal of Pain, 5, 27–37.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Keenan, P. A., & Lindamer, L. A. (1992). Non-migraine headache across the menstrual cycle in women with and without premenstrual syndrome. Cephalalgia, 12, 356–359.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kessel, N., & Coppen, A. (1963). The prevalence of common menstrual symptoms. The Lancet, 2, p.61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kuczmierczyk, A. R. & Adams, H. E. (1986). Autonomic arousal and pain sensitivity in women with premenstrual syndrome at different phases of the menstrual cycle. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 30, 421–428.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Latman, N. S. (1983). Relation of menstrual cycle phase to symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. The American Journal of Medicine, 74, 957–960.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • LeResche, L., Dworkin, S. F., Truelove, E. L., & Mancl, L. (1997). Relationship of premenstrual symptoms to TMD and other pain problems. The Journal of the American Dental Association, 76, p, 148.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mortola, J. F., Girton, L., & Yen, S. S. (1989). Depressive episodes in premenstrual syndrome. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 161, 1682–1687.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Oshima, M., Ogawa, R., & Londyn, D. (2002). Current perception threshold increases during pregnancy but does not change across menstrual cycle. Journal of Nippon Medical School, 69, 19–23.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ostensen, M., Rugelsjoen, A., & Wigers, S. H. (1997). The effect of reproductive events and alterations of sex hormone levels on the symptoms of fibromyalgia. Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology, 26, 355–360.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pfleeger, M., Stravena, P. A., Fillingim, R. B., Maixner, W., & Girdler, S. S. (1997). Menstrual cycle, blood pressure and ischemic pain sensitivity in women. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 27, 161–166.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Procacci, P., Zoppi, M., Maresca, M., & Romano, S. (1974). Studies of the pain threshold in man. In J. J. Bonica (Ed.), Advances in neurology, 4 ed. (pp. 107–113).New York: Raven Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramcharan, S., Love, E. J., Fick, G. H., & Goldfien, A. (1992). The epidemiology of premenstrual symptoms in a population-based sample of 2650 urban women: attributable risk and risk factors. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 45, 377–922.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reid, R. L., & Yen, S. S. C. (1981). Premenstrual syndrome. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 139, 85–104.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Riley,J. L. I., Robinson, M. E., Wise, E. A., & Price, D. D. (1999). A meta-analytic review of pain perception across the menstrual cycle. Pain, 81, 225–235.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Silberstein, S. D. (2001). Headache and female hormones: what you need to know. Current Opinion in Neurology, 14, 323–333.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, B. B., Berman, B. M., Simpson, R. L., & Annechild, A. (1998). Incidence of premenstrual syndrome and remedy usage: a national probability sample study. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, 4, 75–79.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Straneva, P. A., Maixner, W., Light, K. C., Pedersen, C. A., Costello, N. L., & Girdler, S. S. (2002). Menstrual cycle, beta-endorphin and pain sensitivity in premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Health Psychology, 21, 358–367.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tassorelli, T., Sandrini, G., Cecchini, A. P., Nappi, R. E., Sances, G., & Nappi, G. (2002). Changes in the nociceptive flexion reflex threshold across the menstrual cycle in healthy women. Psychosomatic Medicine, 64, 621–626.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tedford, W. H., Warren, D. E. Jr., & Flynn, W. E. (1977). Alteration of shock aversion thresholds during the menstrual cycle. Perception and Psychophysics, 21, 193–196.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Veith, J. L., Anderson, J., Slade, S. A., Thompson, P., Laugel, G. R., & Getzlaf, S. (1984). Plasma beta-endorphin, pain thresholds and anxiety levels across the human menstrual cycle. Physiology & Behavior, 32, 31–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Woods, N. F., Most, A., & Dery, G. K. (1982). Prevalence of perimenstrual symptoms. American Journal of Public Health, 72, 1257.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zondervan, K. T., Yudkin, P. L., Vessey, M. P., Dawes, M. G., Barlow, D. H., & Kennedy, S. H. (1998). The prevalence of chronic pelvic pain in women in the United Kingdom: a systematic review. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 105, 93–99.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2004 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Fillingim, R.B. (2004). Disturbances of Pain Perception in Menstrual Cycle-Related Disorders. In: Lautenbacher, S., Fillingim, R.B. (eds) Pathophysiology of Pain Perception. Plenum Series in Rehabilitation and Health. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9068-6_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9068-6_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-4780-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4419-9068-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics