Summary
Drought as an environmental factor in crop production is not taken in its catastrophic connotation. Catastrophic droughts as a problem in agriculture are a dealt with at the political, engineering or the economical levels. For the plant breeding program drought is defined as insufficient moisture supply which causes a reduction in plant production. It is the gap between crop demand for water and the supply of water. The agricultural drought on the larger scale of the region is approached at the meteorological level where the Palmer Drought Severity Index is the classical estimate. It is based on precipitations and temperature and is useful only on a longer time span such as months or weeks.
At the field level estimates of drought which affect crop production must be more precise and resolute. Here the major approach to estimates has been developed by classical accounting the energy balance of the crop. The account considers the incoming energy load on the crop brought about by solar radiation and the dissipation of this energy mainly by reflection, heat and evaporation of water (see also Chap. 2). Thus evapotranspiration and crop water use can be estimated and crop water deficit assessed in the field even on a short time scale of days or hours. The crop energy balance is driven by both environmental and crop factors. Crop factors can be genetically manipulated by plant breeding and therefore they constitute a prime subject of interest in this book.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Allen RG, Pereira LS, Raes D et al (1998) Crop evapotranspiration – guidelines for computing crop water. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome
Babu RC, Pathan MS, Blum A et al (1999) Comparison of measurement methods of osmotic adjustment in rice cultivars. Crop Sci 39:150–158
Babu RC, Shashidhar HE, Lilley JM et al (2001) Variation in root penetration ability, osmotic adjustment and dehydration tolerance among accessions of rice adapted to rainfed lowland and upland ecosystems. Plant Breed 120:233–238
Champoux MC, Wang G, Sarkarung S et al (1995) Locating genes associated with root morphology and drought avoidance in rice via linkage to molecular markers. Theor Appl Genet 90:969–981
Fukui H (1982) Variability of rice production in tropical Asia. In: Drought resistance in crops with emphasis on rice. International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos
Kirkegaard JA, Lilley JM, Howe GN et al (2007) Impact of subsoil water use on wheat yield. Aust J Agric Res 58:303–315
Price AH, Tomos AD, Virk DS (1997) Genetic dissection of root growth in rice (oryza sativa L) 1. A hydrophonic screen. Theor Appl Genet 95:132–142
Quiring SM, Papakryiakou TN (2003) An evaluation of agricultural drought indices for the Canadian prairies. Agric Forest Meteorol 118:49–62
Rutter AJ (1975) The hydrological cycle in vegetation. In: Monteith JH (ed) Vegetation and the atmosphere, vol 1, Principles. Academic, New York
Steduto P, Hsiao TC, Raes D et al (2009) AquaCrop – the FAO crop model to simulate yield response to water: I. Concepts and underlying principles. Agron J 101:426–437
Steele KA, Virk DS, Kumar R et al (2007) Field evaluation of upland rice lines selected for QTLs controlling root traits. Field Crops Res 101:180–186
Thornthwaite CW, Mather JR (1955) The water balance. Publications in Climatology. Drexel Institute of Technology, Centerton
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Blum, A. (2011). The Moisture Environment. In: Plant Breeding for Water-Limited Environments. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7491-4_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7491-4_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-7490-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4419-7491-4
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)