Introduction
Ions are particles that carry electrical charges, but when in condensed phases, they exist as electrically neutral combinations of positively and negatively charged particles: cations and anions. Although water is the most important solvent, ions do exist also in other environments: in nonaqueous and mixed solvents, and in condensed phases without any solvents as (room temperature) ionic liquids or molten salts.
An electrolyte is such a neutral combination that can exist as a chemical substance capable of dissociating (nearly completely) into its constituent ions in a suitable environment. In the following, the subscript 2 symbolizes a quantity pertaining to an electrolyte, I symbolizes one pertaining to an ion, and a generalized ion is designated by Iz±.
Isolated Ions
Isolated ions exist in an ideal gaseous state, devoid of interactions with their surroundings. Their amount of charge is a multiple, z I, of the elementary units e = 1.60218 × 10−19 C. Their mass M...
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References
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Marcus, Y. (2014). Ion Properties. In: Kreysa, G., Ota, Ki., Savinell, R.F. (eds) Encyclopedia of Applied Electrochemistry. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6996-5_15
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