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It was shown by Sarnoff et al. [1] that the production of pressure costs much more oxygen than the production of flow or Cardiac Output (see Fig. 16.1). Also, it has been shown that oxygen consumption, VO 2 , is almost proportional to Heart Rate. These findings imply that the main mechanical variables to estimate cardiac oxygen consumption are pressure and Heart Rate. If oxygen consumption is expressed per beat, pressure remains as major determinant.
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Westerhof, N., Stergiopulos, N., Noble, M.I.M. (2010). Cardiac Oxygen Consumption and Hemodynamics. In: Snapshots of Hemodynamics. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6363-5_16
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6363-5_16
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