Abstract
Interventional pain procedures are commonly performed either with image-guidance fluoroscopy, computed tomography (CT), or ultrasound (US) or without image guidance utilizing surface landmarks. Recently, three-dimensional rotational angiography (3D-RA) suites, also known as flat detector computed tomography (FDCT) or cone beam CT (CBCT) and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) have been introduced as imaging adjuncts. These systems are indicative of a trend toward increased use of specialized visualization techniques. Pain medicine practice guidelines suggest that most procedures require image guidance to improve the accuracy, reproducibility (precision), safety, and diagnostic information derived from the procedure. Historically, pain medicine practitioners were slow adopters of image-guidance techniques, largely because the most common parent specialty (anesthesiology) had a culture of using surface landmarks to aid the perioperative performance of various nerve blocks and vascular line placements. Indeed, some pain medicine practitioners in the 1980s and early 1990s felt that studies advocating the inaccuracy of epidural steroid injections performed with surface landmarks were published more for specialty access than to increase patient safety or improve outcomes.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Manchikanti L, Boswell MV, Singh V, et al. Comprehensive evidence-based guidelines for interventional techniques in the management of chronic spinal pain. Pain Physician. 2009;12:699–802.
Huntoon MA. Ultrasound in pain medicine: advanced weaponry or just a fad? Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2009;34:387–388.
el-Khoury GY, Ehara S, Weinstein JN, Montgomery WJ, Kathol MH. Epidural steroid injection: a procedure ideally performed with fluoroscopic control. Radiology. 1988;168:554–557.
American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. Low Back Disorders. Occupational Medicine Practice Guidelines. 2nd ed. Elk Grove Village, IL: American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine; 2008 [chapter 12].
Manchikanti L, Singh V, Derby R, et al. Review of occupational medicine practice guidelines for interventional pain management and potential implications. Pain Physician. 2008;11:271–289.
Manchikanti L, Singh V, Helm S II, Trescot A, Hirsch JA. A critical appraisal of 2007 American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine practice guidelines for interventional pain management: an independent review utilizing AGREE, AMA, IOM, and other criteria. Pain Physician. 2008;11:291–310.
Berrington de Gonzalez A, Mahesh M, Kim K-P, et al. Projected cancer risks from computed tomographic scans performed in the United States in 2007. Arch Intern Med. 2009;169:2071–2077.
Brenner DJ, Hall EJ. Computed tomography – an increasing source of radiation exposure. N Engl J Med. 2007;357:2277–2284.
Gofeld M. Ultrasonography in pain medicine: a critical review. Pain Pract. 2008;8:226–240.
Galiano K, Obwegeser AA, Walch C, et al. Ultrasound-guided versus computed tomography-controlled facet joint injections in the lumbar spine: a prospective randomized clinical trial. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2007;32:317–322.
Huntoon MA. Anatomy of the cervical intervertebral foramina: vulnerable arteries and ischemic neurologic injuries after transforaminal epidural injections. Pain. 2005;117:104–111.
Orth RC, Wallace MJ, Kuo MD. C-arm cone-beam CT: general principles and technical considerations for use in interventional radiology. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2008;19:814–821.
Siewerdsen JH, Moseley DJ, Burch S, et al. Volume CT with flat-panel detector on a mobile, isocentric C-arm: pre-clinical investigation in guidance of minimally invasive surgery. Med Phys. 2005;32:241–254.
Goldschneider KR, Racadio JM, Weidner NJ. Celiac plexus blockade in children using a three-dimensional fluoroscopic reconstruction technique: case reports. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2007;32: 510–515.
Knight JR, Heran M, Munk PL, Raabe R, Liu DM. C-arm cone-beam CT: applications for spinal cement augmentation demonstrated by three cases. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2008;19:1118–1122.
Eichenberger U, Greher M, Kirchmair L, et al. Ultrasound-guided blocks of the ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerve: accuracy of a selective new technique confirmed by anatomical dissection. Br J Anaesth. 2006;97:238–243.
Gofeld M, Christakis M. Sonographically guided ilioinguinal nerve block. J Ultrasound Med. 2006;25:1571–1575.
Hurdle M-F, Weingarten TN, Crisostomo RA, et al. Ultrasound-guided blockade of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve: technical description and report of 10 cases. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2007;88:1362–1364.
Harmon D, Hearty C. Ultrasound guided suprascapular nerve block technique. Pain Physician. 2007;10:743–746.
Rofaeel A, Peng P, Louis I, Chan V. Feasibility of real-time ultrasound for pudendal nerve block in patients with chronic perineal pain. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2008;33:139–145.
Byas-Smith MG, Gulati A. Ultrasound-guided intercostal nerve cryoablation. Anesth Analg. 2006;103:1033–1035.
Galiano K, Obwegeser AA, Bodner G, et al. Real-time sonographic imaging for periradicular injections in the lumbar spine: a sonographic anatomic study of a new technique. J Ultrasound Med. 2005;24:33–38.
Narouze S, Vydyanathan A, Kapural L, Sessler DI, Mekhail N. Ultrasound-guided cervical selective nerve root block: a fluoroscopy-controlled feasibility study. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2009;34(4): 343–348.
Eichenberger U, Greher M, Kapral S, et al. Sonographic visualization and ultrasound-guided block of the third occipital nerve: prospective for a new method to diagnose C2/3 zygapophysial joint pain. Anesthesiology. 2006;104:303–308.
Galiano K, Obwegeser AA, Bodner G, et al. Ultrasound-guided facet joint injections in the middle to lower cervical spine: a CT-controlled sonoanatomic study. Clin J Pain. 2006;22:538–543.
Kapral S, Krafft P, Gosch M, Fleischmann M, Weinstabl C. Ultrasound imaging for stellate ganglion block: direct visualization of puncture site and local anesthetic spread. A pilot study. Reg Anesth. 1995;20:323–328.
Hayek SM, Jasper J, Deer TR, Narouze S. Occipital neurostimulation-induced muscle spasms: implications for lead placement. Pain Physician. 2009;12(5):867–876.
Sibbitt WL Jr, Peisajovich A, Michael AA, et al. Does sonographic needle guidance affect the clinical outcome of intraarticular injections? J Rheumatol. 2009;36:1892–1902.
Smith J, Hurdle M-F, Locketz AJ, Wisnewski SJ. Ultrasound-guided piriformis injection: technique description and verification. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2006;87:1664–1667.
Botwin KP, Sharma K, Saliba R, Patel BC. Ultrasound-guided trigger point injections in the cervicothoracic musculature: a new and unreported technique. Pain Physician. 2008;11:885–889.
Fitzgibbon DR, Posner KL, Domino KB, et al. Chronic pain management: ASA Closed Claims Project. Anesthesiology. 2004;100:98–105.
Higa K, Hirata K, Hirota K, Nitahara K, Shono S. Retropharyngeal hematoma after stellate ganglion block. Anesthesiology. 2006;105:1238–1245.
Narouze S. Beware of the “serpentine” inferior thyroid artery while performing stellate ganglion block. Anesth Analg. 2009;109(1):289–290.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Huntoon, M.A. (2011). Imaging in Interventional Pain Management. In: Narouze, S. (eds) Atlas of Ultrasound-Guided Procedures in Interventional Pain Management. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1681-5_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1681-5_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-1679-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-4419-1681-5
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)