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Polysaccharide Vaccines

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Vaccines: A Biography

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Abstract

By the first half of the twentieth century, many of the most clinically important infectious diseases of humans, including smallpox, yellow fever, and influenza, had been controlled through the use of either live-attenuated or killed-whole cell vaccines. Certain bacterial infections, such as cholera and typhoid had been successfully addressed using killed organisms (refer to Chap. 6); others, such as tetanus and diphtheria, had been controlled using vaccines comprising immunogenic bacterial component proteins (refer to Chap. 7). Vaccinology’s subsequent “golden age,” made possible by advances in the laboratory in the late 1940s that allowed the growth of viruses ex vivo in cell culture systems (refer to Chap. 9), led directly to successful vaccines against the scourges of childhood, such as polio, measles, mumps, and rubella. Despite these apparent successes, other clinically important pathogens continued to elude a vaccine solution. It was through the study of these organisms that landmark discoveries in microbiology and immunology paved the way for a novel approach to vaccines.

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Acknowledgment

The author would like to thank Dr. Emil Gotschlich for a critical review of the manuscript and for helpful suggestions

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  1. Department of Medicine, Center for Biodefense and Emerging Pathogens, Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA

    Andrew W. Artenstein

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  1. Dept. Medicine & Community Health, Brown University, Providence, 02912, U.S.A.

    Andrew W. Artenstein

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Artenstein, A.W. (2010). Polysaccharide Vaccines. In: Artenstein, A. (eds) Vaccines: A Biography. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1108-7_16

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