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Immuno-Inflammatory Athero-Arteriosclerosis Induced by Elastin Peptides. Effect of Age

  • Chapter
Handbook on Immunosenescence

Abstract

The emergence of cellular immunology in the second half of the 20th century triggered the interest of scientists and clinicians to explore the potential role of immune-mechanisms in degenerative chronic diseases, among others in athero- arteriosclerosis. These experiments were preceeded and encouraged by the important work of Klemperer, who coined the term collagenoses implying autoantibodies to collagen in such chronic diseases as disseminated lupus erythematosis and related chronic affections of connective tissues (Gardner 1965 for review). Several authors obtained reproducible vascular lesions similar to those observed in humans by immuni z ing rabbits with arterial wall homogenates. Using a fractional extraction procedure we could show that the major antigen responsible for this experimental immune-atherosclerosis was elastin, considered previously as nonantigenic. The more hydrosoluble macromolecular fractions of the vascular wall, although strongly antigenic, as judged from the production of precipitating antibodies, did not produce the same lesions with the same regularity and severity. Immuni z ation of rabbits with highly purified elastin induced only a modest increase of circulating antibodies, but did produce arteriosclerotic plaques without any increase of dietary lipid administration. These results were completed and reinterpreted after the identification of the elastin-laminin receptor, activated by circulating elastin peptides by triggering a release of proteolytic enzymes and free radicals. The functional profile as well as the transmission pathway of this receptor, present on vascular cells and also on circulating white blood cells (WBC) was shown to change with age, loosing its physiologically relevant regulatory functions and preserving only its harmful effects. Circulating elastin peptides acting on the elastin receptor (ER) can induce vascular damage by upregulation of proteolytic (elastolytic) activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. These reactions form a vicious circle with autoamplifying feedback mechanisms and age-dependent increase of the harmful effects on the vascular wall. A large number of human blood samples were tested for antielastin antibodies and also for elastin peptides. All blood samples contained both of these markers of the (auto)immune atherogenetic process involving the activation of the elastin-receptor, its uncoupling which results in the progressive increase of the degradative processes leading to the age-dependent amplification of the athero- arteriosclerosis. Elastin peptides were also shown to induce oxydation of LDL. This experimental model is an example of the delicate interplay of immune-triggered reactions with cell-signaling events during the development of athero- arteriosclerosis.

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  1. Université Paris 5 Laboratoire de Recherche Ophtalmologique, Hotel Dieu Hospital, 1 place du Parvis Notre Dame, 75181, Paris, France

    L. Robert & A. M. Robert

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Research Center on Aging, Department of Medicine, Immunology Graduate Programme, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, 1036 Rue Belvedere, J1H 4C4, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada

    Tamas Fulop

  2. Department of Experimental Pathalogy, CIG Interdepartmental Center “L. Galvani” University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 40126, Bologna, Italy

    Claudio Franceschi

  3. Institute for Health and Life Sciences, 4-6-22 Kohinato, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-0006, Japan

    Katsuiku Hirokawa

  4. ZMF - Zentrum Med. Forschung Abt. Transplant./ Immunologie, University of Tübingen, Waldhörnlestr. 22, 72072, Tübingen, Germany

    Graham Pawelec

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Robert, L., Robert, A.M. (2009). Immuno-Inflammatory Athero-Arteriosclerosis Induced by Elastin Peptides. Effect of Age. In: Fulop, T., Franceschi, C., Hirokawa, K., Pawelec, G. (eds) Handbook on Immunosenescence. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9063-9_54

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