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Neuro-Endocrine-Immune Network and its Age-Related Changes

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Handbook on Immunosenescence

In living beings, external stimuli elicit a behavioral, verbal, or physiological response. The stimuli can be classified into 2 types: ordinary stimuli such as sound, smell, sight, and touch that are received by the sensory organs and pathological stimuli such as bacterial, viral, and fungal infections that are received by the immune system (Fig. 1).

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Health and Life Sciences, 4-4-22, Kohinata, 112-0006, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan

    K. Hirokawa

Authors
  1. K. Hirokawa
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  2. M. Utsuyama
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Research Center on Aging, Department of Medicine, Immunology Graduate Programme, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, 1036 Rue Belvedere, J1H 4C4, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada

    Tamas Fulop

  2. Department of Experimental Pathalogy, CIG Interdepartmental Center “L. Galvani” University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 40126, Bologna, Italy

    Claudio Franceschi

  3. Institute for Health and Life Sciences, 4-6-22 Kohinato, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-0006, Japan

    Katsuiku Hirokawa

  4. ZMF - Zentrum Med. Forschung Abt. Transplant./ Immunologie, University of Tübingen, Waldhörnlestr. 22, 72072, Tübingen, Germany

    Graham Pawelec

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Hirokawa, K., Utsuyama, M. (2009). Neuro-Endocrine-Immune Network and its Age-Related Changes. In: Fulop, T., Franceschi, C., Hirokawa, K., Pawelec, G. (eds) Handbook on Immunosenescence. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9063-9_41

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