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Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

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Encyclopedia of Sciences and Religions

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Human brain; TMS

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Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) refers to painless and noninvasive stimulation of the (human) brain through the intact skull utilizing the fundamental principles of electromagnetic induction (Faraday’s law). Thus, an electrical current in the stimulating coil generated by discharging a capacitor induces a changing magnetic field around the coil that in turn induces an electrical current in nearby conductors, such as brain tissue. TMS in its contemporary form was inaugurated by Anthony Barker (born 1950) at the University of Sheffield in 1985 (Barker et al. 1985). The idea to stimulate the brain is much older and goes back to experiments by the German anatomist and physiologist Gustav Theodor Fritsch (1838–1927) and the German neurologist Eduard Hitzig (1839–1907) who proved by galvanic electrical stimulation of the exposed motor cortex of dogs that the brain is electrically excitable. Based on high-power electronics, TMS developed...

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References

  • Barker, A. T., Jalinous, R., & Freeston, I. L. (1985). Non-invasive magnetic stimulation of human motor cortex [Letter]. Lancet, 1, 1106–1107.

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  • Siebner, H. R., & Ziemann, U. (2007). Das TMS-Buch. Transkranielle Magnetstimulation (1st ed.). Heidelberg: Springer Medizin.

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  • Wassermann, E., Epstein, C. M., Ziemann, U., Walsh, V., Paus, T., & Lisanby, S. H. (2008). The Oxford handbook of transcranial stimulation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurology and Stroke, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tübingen, Germany

    Prof. Ulf Ziemann

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  1. Prof. Ulf Ziemann
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Correspondence to Ulf Ziemann .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Systematic Theology, Faculty of Theology, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark

    Anne L. C. Runehov

  2. Pontificia Universita Antonianum, Roma, Italia

    Lluis Oviedo

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Ziemann, U. (2013). Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. In: Runehov, A.L.C., Oviedo, L. (eds) Encyclopedia of Sciences and Religions. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8265-8_1133

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8265-8_1133

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-8264-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4020-8265-8

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