Abstract
Although much research has focused on the role of hypoxia and hyperoxia in preretinal neovascularization, there is growing evidence that other factors play a role. Carbon dioxide, acidosis, alkalosis, systemic infection, systemic growth retardation, and perturbations in the thyroxine and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) hormone axes all appear to be important risk factors in the pathogenesis of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and inducers of preretinal neovascularization in the immature retinae. Further advances in the prevention of ROP may require interventions directed at these oxygen-independent angiogenic stimuli.
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Holmes, J.M., Leske, D.A., Lanier, W.L. (2008). Oxygen-Independent Angiogenic Stimuli. In: Penn, J. (eds) Retinal and Choroidal Angiogenesis. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6780-8_15
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6780-8_15
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