During modernity the philosophy of the state and the law concentrated upon institutions and laws. By contrast, Antiquity emphasised a different aspect, one that seems more like an anomaly in a purely institutional theory, namely personal requirements, either as a substitute for institutions, as portrayed in Plato’s Republic, or in addition to them, as laid out in his Laws (731c, 687b–688b; 689a–c) or in Aristotle’s Politics (III 4, 1276b27–34; Hansen 1995, 311). Also, for the corresponding history of Rome one is best referred to Cicero’s On Duties (I.XVI 50) or the historians Sallustius, Livius and Tacitus.
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(2007). From subject to citizen. In: HÖffe, O., Moellendorf, D., Pogge, T. (eds) Democracy in an Age of Globalisation. Studies In Global Justice, vol 3. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5662-8_7
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