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Volcanoes and Volcanic Eruptions

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Encyclopedia of Natural Hazards

Part of the book series: Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series ((EESS))

Definitions

Volcano: There are volcanoes wherever magma rising from the Earth’s interior reaches the surface. In terms of landforms, a single dome, cinder cone, tuff cone, or maar may be described as a volcano, but these are monogenetic volcanoes arising from a single eruption. They may form on the summit and flanks of larger, long-lived volcanic edifices (polygenetic volcanoes) or as part of extensive volcanic fields that result from several eruptive periods. Here, in order to report numbers of active volcanoes (i.e., those that have erupted in the last 10,000 years and could erupt again), we follow the same broad definition as the Global Volcanism Program (Simkin and Siebert, 2002–2009) where all products of a single magmatic system are considered part of one “volcano” or “volcanic system.” So, a volcanic field tens to hundreds of kilometers across, comprising hundreds or thousands of monogenetic volcanoes, is here considered to be a single volcanic system.

Eruption: An eruption is...

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  1. British Geological Survey, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, UK

    Dr. Sue C. Loughlin

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  1. Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada

    Peter T. Bobrowsky

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Loughlin, S.C. (2013). Volcanoes and Volcanic Eruptions. In: Bobrowsky, P.T. (eds) Encyclopedia of Natural Hazards. Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4399-4_39

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