Skip to main content

Part of the book series: Boston Studies In The Philosophy Of Science ((BSPS,volume 241))

In May 1852 Charles Darwin read the recently published English translation of Ørsted’s book, The Soul in Nature, and in his reading notebook recorded his verdict—dreadful. Most books got no comment, but the year before he had found Frank Newman’s Phases of Faith (an autobiographical novel of religious doubt) excellent; and this certainly tells us something about Darwin’s state of mind at the time. It also indicates the difficulty of fitting the eminent Ørsted into some kind of scientific mainstream, in his own day or since: in his early lifetime, J. W. Ritter was one of the very few with whom he was closely allied, in opposition to the Parisian establishment. It may seem curious that The Soul in Nature, published by Henry Bohn, was almost all there was of his writing available in English: but less so when we remember on the one hand that (rather like Alessandro Volta’s, or later William Konrad Roentgen’s work) Ørsted’s famous researches in electromagnetism were rapidly and more fruitfully taken up by others; and on the other hand, the long tradition in the English-speaking world of natural theology, turning slowly into the rather newer and vaguer notion of the scientific sublime where such straightforward and respectable writings as Mary Somerville’s can be placed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Hans Christian Ørsted, The Soul in Nature, with Supplementary Contributions, translated by Leonora and Joanna B. Horner, London: Bohn, 1852.

    Google Scholar 

  2. F. Burckhardt et al. (ed.), The Correspondence of Charles Darwin, vol. 4, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988, pp. 488, 479, 475.

    Google Scholar 

  3. F.W. Newman, Phases of Faith [1850], introduction by U.C. Knoepflmacher: Leicester: University Press, 1970; F. M. Turner, John Henry Newman: the Challenge to Evangelical Religion, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2002, pp. 347–352, 613–615.

    Google Scholar 

  4. D. C. Christensen, “The Ørsted-Ritter Partnership and the Birth of Romantic Natural Philosophy”, Annals of Science, 52 (1995), pp. 153–185.

    Google Scholar 

  5. H.C. Ørsted, Selected Scientific Works, translated and edited by Karen Jelved, Andrew D.Jackson, and Ole Knudsen, introduction by Andrew D.Wilson, Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press, 1998, p.ix.

    Google Scholar 

  6. K. A. Neeley, Mary Somerville: Science, Illumination and the Female Mind, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001, pp. 40, 104 ff, 126.

    Google Scholar 

  7. D. N. B., “Henry George Bohn”.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Dictionary of Literary Biography, Detroit: Gale, vol. 106, 1991, pp. 59–62.

    Google Scholar 

  9. J. Barwell-Carter and J. Hardy (eds.), Selections from the Correspondence of Dr George Johnston, Edinburgh: David Douglas, 1892, pp. 260 ff, 423.

    Google Scholar 

  10. J.W. Goethe, Theory of Colours, translated by C. Eastlake, London: Murray, 1840.

    Google Scholar 

  11. R.-P. Horstmann and M. J. Petry eds., Hegels Philosophie der Natur: Bezeihungen zwischen empirischer und spekulativer Naturerkenntis, Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  12. W. H. Brock, Justus von Liebig: the Chemical Gatekeeper, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997, p. 67.

    Google Scholar 

  13. W. H. Brock and A. J. Meadows, The Lamp of Learning: Taylor and Francis and the Development of Science Publishing, London: Taylor & Francis, 1984, pp. 105–106.

    Google Scholar 

  14. J. A. Wilson, Memoir of George Wilson, Edinburgh: Edmonston and Douglas, 1860, pp. 310 ff.

    Google Scholar 

  15. K. von Reichenbach, Researches on Magnetism, Electricity, Heat, Light, Crystallization, and Chemical Attraction, in their relations to the Vital Force, translated by W. Gregory, London: Taylor, Walton & Gregory, 1850.

    Google Scholar 

  16. [Robert Chambers], Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation, [1844] edited by J. Secord, Chicago, IL: Chicago University Press, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  17. My Science and Spirituality: the Nineteenth Century and Beyond, is forthcoming, London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  18. J. Priestley, Disquisitions relating to Matter and Spirit, 2nd ed., London: J. Johnston, 1782.

    Google Scholar 

  19. J. Priestley, The History and Present State of Electricity, 3rd ed., London, 1775, vol. 1, p. xv.

    Google Scholar 

  20. D. M. Knight, “Higher Pantheism”, Zygon, 35 (2000), 603–612.

    Google Scholar 

  21. J. P. Nichol, The Architecture of the Heavens, London: Parker, 1850, p. 219.

    Google Scholar 

  22. S. Schama, Landscape and Memory, London: Fontana, 1996, pp. 247–248.

    Google Scholar 

  23. John Herschel, Essays from the Edinburgh and Quarterly Reviews, with Addresses and other Pieces, London: Longman, 1857, p. 737. Several of his poems are translations from the German.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Ørsted, Soul in Nature, pp. xvii–xviii, where the date is wrongly given as 1836.

    Google Scholar 

  25. D. S. Evans, T. J. Deeming, B. H. Evans and S. Goldfarb (eds.), Herschel at the Cape: Diaries and Correspondence of Sir John Herschel, 1834–1838, Austin: University of Texas Press, 1969, p. 317; see also D. King-Hele (ed.), John Herschel, 1792–1871, London: Royal Society, 1992, pp. 51–66, 121–122.

    Google Scholar 

  26. W. H. Brock, “The Lamp of Learning: Richard Taylor and the Textbook”, Paradigm, 2 (2001), 2–5.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Scientific Memoirs, 1 (1837) iii; the set was reprinted in facsimile, New York: Johnson, 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Selections from the Correspondence of George Johnston, 1892, pp. 125, 357, 199.

    Google Scholar 

  29. She appears (1807–1879) in Dictionary of National Biography under her husband’s name.

    Google Scholar 

  30. 1818–1903: see her entry in Dictionary of National Biography, the 1901–1911 volume.

    Google Scholar 

  31. G. S. Haight, George Eliot: a Biography, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  32. K. Bourne and W. B. Taylor, The Horner Papers, Edinburgh: University Press, 1994; for Leonard Horner’s obituary, see Proceedings of the Royal Society, 14 (1865), v–x. His presentation copy of On the Origin of Species was given by Joanna to the Natural History Museum in London, and will be reprinted in facsimile in the series “The Evolution Debate” edited by D. M. Knight, London: Routledge, 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Ørsted, Soul in Nature, p. xxiii.

    Google Scholar 

  34. [H. Davy], Consolations in Travel, or the Last Days of a Philosopher, London: Murray, 1830; and see my “From Science to Wisdom: Humphry Davy’s Life”, in M. Shortland and R. Yeo, Telling Lives in Science, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996, pp. 103–114, also in D. M. Knight, Science in the Romantic Era, Aldershot: Ashgate variorum, 1998, pp. 283–294.

    Google Scholar 

  35. J. J. Tobin, Journal of a Tour made in the years 1828–1829 through Styria, Carniola, and Italy, whilst accompanying the late Sir Humphry Davy, London: Orr, 1832.

    Google Scholar 

  36. G. Fownes, Chemistry as Exemplifying the Wisdom and Beneficence of God, London: Churchill, 1844.

    Google Scholar 

  37. J. H. Brooke and G. Cantor, Reconstructing Nature: the Engagement of Science and Religion, Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1998, pp. 314–346; and see my “Why is science so macho?”, Philosophical Writings, 14 (2000), 59–65, and N. G. Coley and S. A. H. Wilmot, “Chemical Industry and the Quality of Life”, C. A. Russell (ed.), Chemistry, Society and Environment, Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2000, pp. 318–349.

    Google Scholar 

  38. A. Tennyson, In Memoriam, edited by S. Shatto and M. Shaw, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1982, p. 137.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Ørsted, Soul in Nature, p. xx.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Ørsted, Soul in Nature, pp. 16, 18, 25, 26.

    Google Scholar 

  41. M. Faraday, “A Speculation touching Electric Conduction and the Nature of Matter”, in Experimental Researches in Electricity, II, London: Richard & John Edward Taylor, 1844, pp. 284–293.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Lord Kelvin [W. Thomson], Baltimore Lectures on Molecular Dynamics and the Wave Theory of Light, London: C. J. Clay, 1904, p. 123.

    Google Scholar 

  43. H. Davy, Collected Works, edited by J. Davy, London: Smith Elder, 1839–1840, vol. 2 (reprint, Bristol: Thoemmes, 2001); D. M. Knight, Humphry Davy: Science and Power, 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998, pp. 28–35, 81–87.

    Google Scholar 

  44. J. H. Brooke, “Wöhler’s Urea and its Vital Force: a Verdict from the Chemists”, in his Thinking about Matter, Aldershot: Ashgate Variorum, 1995, papers III and V.

    Google Scholar 

  45. B. M. G. Reardon, Religion in the Age of Romanticism, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985, p. 96; F. W. J. Schelling, Ideas for a Philosophy of Nature, translated by E. E. Harris and P. Heath, introduction by R. Stern, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  46. L. Agassiz, Essay on Classification, [1858], edited by E. Lurie, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1962, p. 8.

    Google Scholar 

  47. K. E. von Baer, “Philosophical Fragments”, Scientific Memoirs, 6 [Natural History] (1853), pp. 186–238.

    Google Scholar 

  48. L. Nyhart, Biology takes Form: Animal Morphology and the German Universities, 1800–1900, Chicago, IL: University Press, 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  49. W. Pater, The Renaissance, edited by D. L. Hill, Berkeley, CA: California University Press, 1980, p. xxi where the critic is compared to the analytical chemist.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Reardon, Religion in the Age of Romanticism, pp. 16, 102.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Ørsted, Soul in Nature, pp. 326, 328, 347, 351.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Ørsted, Soul in Nature, pp. 361, 370.

    Google Scholar 

  53. V. E. Thoren, The Lord of Uraniborg: a Biography of Tycho Brahe, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Ørsted, Soul in Nature, pp. 425, 444, 446; Karl J. Fink, Goethe’s History of Science, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991, pp. 85–90.

    Google Scholar 

  55. [W.Whewell], Of the Plurality of Worlds: an Essay, London: Parker, 1853; [D. Brewster], “Of the Plurality of Worlds”, North British Review, 21 (1854), 1–44; D. Brewster, More Worlds than One: the Creed of the Philosopher and the Hope of the Christian, London, Murray, 1854; ninth thousand, 1862.

    Google Scholar 

  56. Ørsted, Soul in Nature, pp. 143, 155–162.

    Google Scholar 

  57. J. Davy, Memoirs of the Life of Sir Humphry Davy,London: Longman, 1836, vol. 2, p. 157; D. M. Knight. Humphry Davy: Science and Power, 2nd ed., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998, p. 134.

    Google Scholar 

  58. A. Tennyson, “Locksley Hall”, Poetical Works, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1953, p. 96.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Ørsted, Soul in Nature, pp. 177, 178, and cf. pp. 125–128.

    Google Scholar 

  60. Ørsted, Soul in Nature, pp. 60, 86–87.

    Google Scholar 

  61. Ørsted, Soul in Nature, pp. 182–183.

    Google Scholar 

  62. A.Thwaite, Glimpses of the Wonderful: the Life of Philip Henry Gosse, London: Faber, 2002, pp. 204–227 discusses him doing just this is his Omphalos [1857].

    Google Scholar 

  63. Ørsted, Soul in Nature, pp. xiii–xiv, 134–142.

    Google Scholar 

  64. Ørsted, Soul in Nature, pp. 312–320, 241.

    Google Scholar 

  65. D. M. Knight, Humphry Davy, pp. 73–88, “Forces, powers and chemistry”.

    Google Scholar 

  66. Ørsted, Soul in Nature, pp. 290–298.

    Google Scholar 

  67. J. Hamilton (ed.), Fields of Influence: Conjunctions of Artists and Scientists, 1815–1860, Birmingham: University Press, 2001, p. 16.

    Google Scholar 

  68. J. A. Paris, The Life of Sir Humphry Davy, London: Colburn & Bentley, 1831, pp. 412–414.

    Google Scholar 

  69. J. Davy, Memoirs of the Life of Sir Humphry Davy, London: Longman, 1836, vol. 2, pp. 188–216.

    Google Scholar 

  70. T. Beddoes, Observations on the Nature of Demonstrative Evidence, London: Johnson, 1793; J. Z. Fullmer, Young Humphry Davy: the Making of an Experimental Chemist, Philadelphia, PA: American Philosophical Society, 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  71. W. E. Houghton et al. (eds.), The Wellesley Index to Victorian Periodicals, 1824–1900, 5 vols., Toronto: University Press, 1966–1989.

    Google Scholar 

  72. B. Lightman, The Origins of Agnosticism: Victorian Unbelief and the Limits of Knowledge, Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  73. “The Hard Church Novel”, The National Review, 3 (1856), 127–146, p. 140.

    Google Scholar 

  74. Wellesley Index, vol. 3, 1979, has an essay on the National Review and identifies the authors: on Hutton see also D. N. B. [supplement].

    Google Scholar 

  75. A. Desmond and J. Moore, Darwin, London: Penguin, 1992, p. 5.

    Google Scholar 

  76. Theodore Parker’s Experience as a Minister with Some Account of his Early Life, London: Watts, 1859, pp. 36–39, 64–65.

    Google Scholar 

  77. A. Pyle (ed.), Agnosticism: Contemporary Responses to Spencer and Huxley, Bristol: Thoemmes, 1995, pp. xii–xix.

    Google Scholar 

  78. F. Gregory, Nature Lost? Natural Science and the German Theological Traditions of the 19th century, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  79. S. Parkes, The Chemical Catechism, with Notes, Illustrations, and Experiments, 3rd ed., London: Lackington Allen, 1808, p. 53 note.

    Google Scholar 

  80. G. Wilson, Religio Chemici: Essays, London: Macmillan, 1862, pp. 43, 49.

    Google Scholar 

  81. D. M. Knight, Zygon, 35 (2000), p. 609–611.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2007 Springer

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Knight, D.M. (2007). The Spiritual In The Material. In: Brain, R.M., Cohen, R.S., Knudsen, O. (eds) Hans Christian Ørsted And The Romantic Legacy In Science. Boston Studies In The Philosophy Of Science, vol 241. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2987-5_19

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics