Abstract
“To-day school commenced,” wrote the Philadelphia-born Charlotte Forten, who began keeping a journal May 24, 1854, shortly before her seventeenth birthday. Wednesday, September 12, 1855, signaled the beginning of classes and chances to reestablish the alleged camaraderie among schoolgirls. Rather than rejoicing over the renewal of acquaintances among classmates at the predominantly white Higginson Grammar School in Salem, Massachusetts, Forten was “most happy … to return to the companionship of [her] studies.” Challenging academic assignments were her “ever … most valued friends.”1
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Notes
Brenda Stevenson, ed., The Journals of Charlotte Forten Grimké (New York: Oxford University Press, 1988), 139–140.
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See Stephen Kendrick and Paul Kendrick, Sarah’s Long Walk: The Free Blacks of Boston and How Their Struggle for Equality Changed America (Boston: Beacon Press, 2004).
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See William Cheek and Aimee Lee Check, John Mercer Langston and the Fight for Black Freedom, 1829–65 (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1989), 302–306.
See Kirsten P Buick, “The Ideal Works of Edmonia Lewis: Invoking and Inverting Autobiography,” in Marianne Doezema and Elizabeth Milroy, eds., Reading American Art (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998), 190–207;
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See Kathleen M. Brown, Good Wives, Nasty Wenches, and Anxious Patriarchs: Gender, Race, and Power in Colonial Virginia (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1996), 212–113, 231–236;
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See Dickson D. Bruce, Jr. Archibald Grimke: Portrait of a Independent (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1993), 14–16.
Lucy A. Delaney, “From the Darkness Cometh the Light or Struggles for Freedom,” in Henry Louis Gates, Jr., ed., Six Women’s Slave Narratives (New York: Oxford University Press, 1988), 15–16.
Roger Bruns, ed., Am I Not a Man and a Brother: The Antislavery Crusade of Revolutionary America, 1688–1788 (New York: Chelsea House Publishing, 1977), 306.
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© 2005 Wilma King
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King, W. (2005). No Bondage for Me: Free Boys and Girls Within a Slave Society. In: African American Childhoods. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-73165-7_4
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