Abstract
By the 1st millennium BC the Diakhi (Taokhi) and the Qolha (Colchis) tribal groups had developed bronze casting. A two-state confederation emerged as early as the 6th century BC, with Colchis (Egrisi) in the west and Kartli (Iberia) in the east. The Greeks established Black Sea colonies from the 6th century BC, including Phasis (present-day Poti), Gyenos (Ochamchire) and Dioscuras (Sukhumi). Parnavaz I ruled a united Kartli (or Georgia) from his citadel of Armaztsikhe from c. 302–237 BC.
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Further Reading
Areshidze, Irakly, Democracy and Autocracy in Eurasia: Georgia in Transition. 2007
Coppieters, Bruno and Legvold, Robert, (eds.) Statehood and Security: Georgia after the Rose Revolution. 2005
Gachechiladze, R., The New Georgia: Space, Society, Politics. 1995
Jones, Stephen, Georgia: A Political History since Independence. 2012
Mikaberidze, Alexander, Historical Dictionary of Georgia. 2007
Nodia, Ghia and Scholtbach, Alvaro Pinto, The Political Landscape of Georgia: Political Parties, Achievements, Challenges, and Prospects. 2007
Pelkmans, Mathijs, Defending the Border: Identity, Religion, and Modernity in the Republic of Georgia. 2006
Rayfield, Donald, Edge of Empires: A History of Georgia. 2012
Suny, R. G., The Making of the Georgian Nation. 2nd ed. 1994
Wheatley, Jonathan, Georgia from National Awakening to Rose Revolution: Delayed Transition in the Former Soviet Union. 2005
National Statistical Office: National Statistics Service of Georgia, 39 Guramishvili str., 0181 Tskneti, Tbilisi.
Website: http://www.geostat.ge
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Turner, B. (2014). Georgia. In: Turner, B. (eds) The Statesman’s Yearbook. The Statesman’s Yearbook. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-67278-3_226
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-67278-3_226
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