Synchronization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cells for Analysis of Progression Through the Cell Cycle

Abstract

The cell division cycle is a fundamental process required for proliferation of all living organisms. The eukaryotic cell cycle follows a basic template with an ordered series of events beginning with G1 (Gap1) phase, followed successively by S (Synthesis) phase, G2 (Gap 2) phase, and M-phase (Mitosis). The process is tightly regulated in response to signals from both the internal and external milieu. The budding yeast S. cerevisiae is an outstanding model for the study of the cell cycle and its regulatory process. The basic events and regulatory processes of the S. cerevisiae cell cycle are highly conserved with other eukaryotes. The organism grows rapidly in simple medium, has a sequenced annotated genome, well-established genetics, and is amenable to analysis by proteomics and microscopy. Additionally, a range of tools and techniques are available to generate cultures of S. cerevisiae that are homogenously arrested or captured at specific phases of the cell cycle and upon release from that arrest these can be used to monitor cell cycle events as the cells synchronously proceed through a division cycle. In this chapter, we describe a series of commonly used techniques that are used to generate synchronized populations of S. cerevisiae and provide an overview of methods that can be used to monitor the progression of the cells through the cell division cycle.