Abstract
Nucleic acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) has played a critical role in the identification and characterization of viroid RNAs. In addition, double PAGE has been a very efficient tool for the detection of viroids as it is sequence independent and is based on the viroid structure of covalently closed/circular molecules. sPAGE has been widely used for the identification of new viroids as well as a routine detection tool.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Morris TJ, Smith EM (1977) Potato spindle tuber disease: procedures for the detection of viroid RNA and certification of disease-free potato tubers. Phytopathology 67:145–150
Flores R, Duran-Vila N, Pallás V, Semancik JS (1985) Detection of viroid and viroid-like RNAs from grapevine. J Gen Virol 66:2095–2102
Duran-Vila N, Flores R, Semancik JS (1986) Characterization of viroid-like RNAs associated with the citrus exocortis syndrome. Virology 150:75–84
Rivera-Bustamante R, Gin R, Semancik JS (1986) Enhanced resolution of circular and linear molecular forms of viroid and viroid-like RNA by electrophoresis in a discontinuous-pH system. Anal Biochem 156:91–95
Hanold D, Semancik JS, Owens RA (2003) Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In: Hadidi A, Flores R, Randles JW, Semancik JS (eds) Viroids. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, pp 95–102
Duran-Vila N, Roistacher CN, Rivera-Bustamante R, Semancik JS (1988) A definition of citrus viroid groups and their relationship to the exocortis disease. J Gen Virol 69:3069–3080
Szychowski JA, Doazan JP, Leclair P, Garnier M, Credi R, Minafra A, Duran-Vila N, Wolpert JA, Semancik JS (1991) Relationship and patterns of distribution among grapevine viroids from California and Europe. Vitis 30:25–36
Serra P, Barbosa CJ, Daròs JA, Flores R, Duran-Vila N (2008) Citrus viroid V: molecular characterization and synergistic interactions with other members of the genus Apscaviroid. Virology 370:102–112
Serra P, Eiras M, Bani Hashemian SM, Murcia N, Kitajima EW, Daròs JA, Flores R, Duran-Vila N (2008) Citrus viroid V: occurrence, host range, diagnosis and identification of new variants. Phytopathology 98:1199–1204
Semancik JS, Roistacher CN, Rivera-Bustamante R, Duran-Vila N (1988) Citrus cachexia viroid, a new viroid of citrus: relationship to viroids of the exocortis disease complex. J Gen Virol 69:3059–3068
Foissac X, Duran-Vila N (2000) Characterization of two citrus apscaviroids isolated in Spain. Arch Virol 145:1075–1983
Fagoaga C, Pina JA, Duran-Vila N (1994) Occurrence of small RNAs in severely diseased vegetable crops. Plant Dis 78:749–753
Fagoaga C, Semancik JS, Duran-Vila N (1995) A citrus exocortis viroid variant from broad bean (Vicia faba L.): infectivity and pathogenesis. J Gen Virol 76:2271–2277
Fagoaga C, Duran-Vila N (1996) Natural occurrence of variants of the citrus exocortis viroid in vegetable crop species. Plant Pathol 45:45–53
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Duran-Vila, N. (2022). Detection of Viroids by sPAGE Gel Electrophoresis. In: Rao, A.L.N., Lavagi-Craddock, I., Vidalakis, G. (eds) Viroids. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 2316. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1464-8_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1464-8_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-0716-1463-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-0716-1464-8
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols