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Modified Forms of Cytosine in Eukaryotes: DNA (De)methylation and Beyond

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DNA Modifications

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 2198))

Abstract

5-Methylcytosine (5mC) is an epigenetic mark known to contribute to the regulation of gene expression in a wide range of biological systems. Ten Eleven Translocation (TET) dioxygenases oxidize 5mC to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, 5-formylcytosine, and 5-carboxylcytosine in metazoans and fungi. Moreover, two recent reports imply the existence of other species of modified cytosine in unicellular alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Here we provide an overview of the spectrum of cytosine modifications and their roles in demethylation of DNA and regulation of gene expression in different eukaryotic organisms.

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Acknowledgments

A.R.’s lab is supported by Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [grant number BB/N005759/1] to A.R.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, University Park, UK

    Maria Eleftheriou & Alexey Ruzov

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  1. Maria Eleftheriou
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  2. Alexey Ruzov
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Correspondence to Alexey Ruzov .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK

    Alexey Ruzov

  2. School of Life Sciences, Queen’s Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK

    Martin Gering

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Eleftheriou, M., Ruzov, A. (2021). Modified Forms of Cytosine in Eukaryotes: DNA (De)methylation and Beyond. In: Ruzov, A., Gering, M. (eds) DNA Modifications. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 2198. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0876-0_1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0876-0_1

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