Abstract
Blood is the medium in which all drugs are transported to and from all tissues of the body. The rate at which blood enters and leaves any tissue is directly related to cardiac output. This means that cardiac output is an important determinant of drug kinetics. Cardiac output changes with age, psychological state, activity level, drugs and disease. This chapter discusses the effects of physiological and pathological changes of cardiac output on the kinetics and dynamics of drugs used in anesthesia.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Nies AS, et al: Altered hepatic blood flow and drug disposition. Clinical Pharmacokinetics, 1976: 1: 135–155.
Caesar J, et al: The use of indocyanine green in the measurement of hepatic blood flow and as a test of hepatic function. Clinical Science, 1961: 21: 43–57.
Stenson RE, et al: Interrelationships of hepatic blood flow, cardiac output, and blood levels of lidocaine in man. Circulation, 1971: 43: 205–211.
Chauvin M, et al: The influence of hepatic plasma flow on alfentanil plasma concentration plateaus achieved with an infusion model in humans: Measurement of alfentanil hepatic extraction coefficient. Anesthesia and Analgesia, 1986: 65: 999–1003.
Maddahi J, et al: What is the normal range for left and right ejection fraction at different levels of exercise Findings of scintigraphic ventriculography during graded ergometry in 34 normals. Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 1980: 21: P5.
Mangano DT, et al: The effect of increasing preload on ventricular output and ejection in man. Circulation, 1980: 62: 535–541.
Tsakaris AG, Vandenberg RA: Variations of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, volume, and ejection fraction with changes in outflow resistance in anesthetized intact dogs. Circulation Research, 1968: 23: 213.
Conn HL, Goldberg J: Accuracy of a radiopotassium dilution (Stewart principle) method for the measurement of cardiac output. Journal of Applied Physiology, 1955: 7: 542–548.
Krejcie TC, et al: Alfentanil pharmacokinetics: Intravascular space and cardiac output. Anesthesiology, 1988: 69: A466.
Christensen JH, et al: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of thiopentone. A comparison between young and elderly patients. Anesthesia, 1982: 37: 398–404.
Goat VA, et al: The effect of blood flow upon the activity of gallamine triethiodide. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 1976: 48: 69–73.
Kates RE, Leier CV: Dobutamine pharmacokinetics in severe heart failure. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 1978: 24: 537–541.
Slutsky R, et al: Left ventricular size and function after subcutaneous administration of terbutaline. Assessment by cardiac pool imaging. Chest, 1981: 79: 501–505.
Sherwin RS, et al: A model of the kinetics of insulin in man. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 1974: 53: 1481–1492.
Altman PL, et al (editors), “Handbook of Circulation”, pub W.B. Saunders Co., U.S.A., 1959, Library of Congress No. 59-15183, pages 115–124.
Benowitz N, et al: Lidocaine disposition kinetics in monkey and man. II. Effects of hemorrhage and sympathomimetic drug administration. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 1974: 16: 99–109.
Christensen JH: Increased thiopental sensitivity in cardiac patients. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 1985: 29: 702–705.
Price HL, et al: Rates of uptake and release of thiopental by human brain; Relation to kinetics of thiopental anesthesia. Anesthesiology, 1957: 18: 171.
Price HL, et al: The uptake of thiopental by body tissues and its relation to the duration of narcosis. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 1960: 1: 16–22.
Ginsburg JM, Wilde WS: Distribution kinetics of intravenous radiopotassium. American Journal of Physiology, 1954. 179: 63–75.
Barratt RL, et al: Kinetics of thiopentone in relation to the site of sampling. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 1984: 56: 1385–1391.
Major E, et al: Influence of sample site on blood concentrations of ICI 35 868. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 1983: 55: 371–375.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1992 Kluwer Academic Publishers
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Woerlee, G.M. (1992). Cardiac Output. In: Kinetics and Dynamics of Intravenous Anesthetics. Developments in Critical Care Medicine and Anesthesiolgy, vol 26. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-585-28009-7_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-585-28009-7_9
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-0-7923-1506-3
Online ISBN: 978-0-585-28009-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive