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Neurochemical and Behavioral Changes Induced by Interleukin-2 and Soluble Interleukin-2 Receptors

  • Chapter
The Neuroimmunological Basis of Behavior and Mental Disorders

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Abstract

It has become abundantly clear that in addition to regulating immune function, interleukin (IL)-2 potently modulates brain neurochemical activity and behavior. Central targets of IL-2 include mesolimbic and mesostriatal dopaminergic processes, hippocampal cholinergic activity, and monoaminergic and neuroendocrine activity in hypothalamus, and brainstem. Of further significance, IL-2 influences related behaviors and responses, including (but not limited to) exploratory activity, stereotypic behaviors, hedonic responses, and aggressive behavior. IL-2 may induce behavioractivating or depressive-like effects, depending on the stressfulness of the test conditions, chronicity of its administration, and brain region into which it is microinjected, among other factors. Neurochemical and behavioral effects of IL-2 differ in many respects from those characteristics of proinflammatory cytokines that induce the classic symptoms of sickness behavior. Clinically, abnormal production and levels of IL-2 and soluble IL-2 receptors (sIL-2R) are evident in various psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, mania, and depression, among other disorders. Increased levels of sIL-2R〈 are further evident in subgroups of patients displaying abnormal motor activity, suggesting that it might act as an etiological agent. Consistent with this idea, we have discovered in mice that injections of purified forms of the sIL-2R〈 or β subunit induce abnormal and subunit-specific increases in motor activity and stereotypic behaviors. These findings further suggest that sIL-2Rs act as novel messengers between the brain and immune system. More research is needed to shed light on the mechanisms underlying IL-2’s potent modulation of brain neurotransmitter activity and behavior, as well as its role in psychiatric disorders.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychiatry UMDNJ – New Jersey Medical School, Behavioral Health Sciences Building, 183 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA

    Steven S. Zalcman

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  1. Steven S. Zalcman
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  2. Randall T. Woodruff
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  3. Ruchika Mohla
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  4. Allan Siegel
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience and Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey — NJ Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA

    Allan Siegel

  2. University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey — NJ Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA

    Steven S. Zalcman

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Zalcman, S.S., Woodruff, R.T., Mohla, R., Siegel, A. (2009). Neurochemical and Behavioral Changes Induced by Interleukin-2 and Soluble Interleukin-2 Receptors. In: Siegel, A., Zalcman, S.S. (eds) The Neuroimmunological Basis of Behavior and Mental Disorders. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-84851-8_13

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