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Mediastinum

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Surgery

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Abstract

The term mediastinum refers to the region of the body located between the two pleural spaces. It is derived from the Latin words medius (middle) and stare (to stand) and means literally “standing in the middle” Although this definition is anatomically descriptive, it belies the fact that the mediastinum is a complex and tightly knit package of structures immediately vital to the life of the individual—the central airways, the heart, and the great vessels. Also contained within the mediastinum are myriad other tissues, glands, and organs, including the esophagus, thymus, thoracic duct, vagus and phrenic nerves, and lymphatics. The mediastinum extends from the diaphragm to the thoracic inlet and is divided by anatomists into four regions that are defined by their relationship to the pericardium: superior, anterior, middle, and posterior. In this scheme, the middle compartment is equivalent to the pericardial sac and its contents. In contrast, as is discussed in more detail later in this chapter, thoracic surgeons generally divide the mediastinum into just three compartments: anterior, middle, and posterior. In this scheme, the anatomists’ superior compartment is divided between the anterior and middle compartments, and the esophagus is included in the middle rather than posterior compartment.

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  1. Department of Thoracic Oncology, Memorial Regional Cancer Center, Hollywood, FL, USA

    Mark I. Block MD (Director)

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  1. Department of Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA

    Jeffrey A. Norton MD, FACS (Robert L. and Mary Ellenburg Professor, Chief) (Robert L. and Mary Ellenburg Professor, Chief)

  2. Divisions of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA

    Jeffrey A. Norton MD, FACS (Robert L. and Mary Ellenburg Professor, Chief) (Robert L. and Mary Ellenburg Professor, Chief)

  3. Departments of Surgery and Public Health, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA

    Philip S. Barie MD, MBA, FCCM, FACS (Professor, Chief) (Professor, Chief)

  4. Division of Critical Care and Trauma, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA

    Philip S. Barie MD, MBA, FCCM, FACS (Professor, Chief) (Professor, Chief)

  5. Departments of Surgery and Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA

    R. Randal Bollinger MD, PhD, FACS (Professor) (Professor)

  6. Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Alfred E. Chang MD, FACS (Chief, Hugh Cabot Professor of Surgery) (Chief, Hugh Cabot Professor of Surgery)

  7. Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA

    Stephen F. Lowry MD, MBA, FACS (Professor and Chairman) (Professor and Chairman)

  8. Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA

    Stephen F. Lowry MD, MBA, FACS (Professor and Chairman) (Professor and Chairman)

  9. Department of Surgery, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA

    Sean J. Mulvihill MD, FACS (Professor and Chair, Senior Director of Clinical Affairs) (Professor and Chair, Senior Director of Clinical Affairs)

  10. Huntsman Cancer Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA

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  11. Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Surgery, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA

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  13. Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA

    Robert W. Thompson MD, FACS (Professor of Surgery (Section of Vascular Surgery), Vice-Chairman for Research) (Professor of Surgery (Section of Vascular Surgery), Vice-Chairman for Research)

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Block, M.I. (2008). Mediastinum. In: Norton, J.A., et al. Surgery. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-68113-9_76

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