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Nanotechnology for Biology and Medicine pp 187–207Cite as

Carbon Nanotubes as Electrical Interfaces to Neurons

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Part of the book series: Fundamental Biomedical Technologies ((FBMT))

Abstract

Translating basic neuroscience research into experimental neurology applications often requires functional interfacing of the central nervous system (CNS) with artificial devices designed to monitor and/or stimulate brain electrical activity. Ideally, such interfaces should provide a high temporal and spatial resolution over a large area of tissue during stimulation and/or recording of neuronal activity, with the ultimate goal to elicit/detect the electrical excitation at the single-cell level and to observe the emerging spatiotemporal correlations within a given functional area. Activity patterns generated by CNS neurons have been typically correlated with a sensory stimulus, a motor response, or a potentially cognitive process.

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Abbreviations

CNS:

Central nervous system

C m :

Membrane capacitance

C cnt :

CNT equivalent capacitance

CNT:

Carbon nanotube

C sh :

Amplifier shunt capacitance

E K :

K+ Nerst equilibrium potential

E L :

Nerst equilibrium potential of leak membrane currents

E Na :

Na+ Nerst equilibrium potential

FET:

Field-effect transistor

g K :

K+ conductance

g L :

Leak conductance

g Na :

Na+ conductance

MWNT:

Multi-walled carbon nanotube

R a :

Axial cytoplasmic resistance

R cnt :

CNT equivalent resistance

R in :

Amplifier input resistance

R s :

Seal resistance

R sp :

Spread resistance

SWNT:

Single-walled carbon nanotube

V cnt :

CNT potential

V m :

Membrane potential

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Acknowledgments

Authors acknowledge financial support from the Italian Ministry of University and Research (Cofin and FIRB), from the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL, from the European Commission (NEURONANO-NMP4-CT-2006-031847), and from the “Stoicescu” grant. M.G. and L.G. are grateful to Prof. H. Markram, C. Petersen, and S. Martinoia for helpful discussions and to S. Garcia and K. Antoniello for assistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Neural Microcircuitry, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

    Michele Giugliano & Luca Gambazzi

  2. Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium

    Michele Giugliano

  3. Life Science Department, B.R.A.I.N., University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy

    Laura Ballerini

  4. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy

    Maurizio Prato

  5. Laboratoire d’Electronique Moléculaire, CEA Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

    Stephane Campidelli

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  1. Michele Giugliano
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  2. Luca Gambazzi
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  3. Laura Ballerini
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  4. Maurizio Prato
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  5. Stephane Campidelli
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Laura Ballerini .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Jacobs Retina Center, University of California - San Diego, Campus Point Drive 9415, La Jolla, 92037-0946, California, USA

    Gabriel A. Silva

  2. Center for Glial Biology in Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, 6th Avenue South 1719, Birmingham, 35294-0021, Alabama, USA

    Vladimir Parpura

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Giugliano, M., Gambazzi, L., Ballerini, L., Prato, M., Campidelli, S. (2012). Carbon Nanotubes as Electrical Interfaces to Neurons. In: Silva, G., Parpura, V. (eds) Nanotechnology for Biology and Medicine. Fundamental Biomedical Technologies. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-31296-5_9

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