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Transforming Growth Factor-βs in the Brain

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Handbook of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology

Abstract:

Transforming growth factors‐β ( ) regulate numerous cell functions in the developmental and adult brain. are secreted dimeric proteins that signal via heteromeric transmembrane serine–threonine kinase receptors. Phosphorylation of R‐Smads leads to the formation of complexes with the common Smad4, which translocates to the nucleus to regulate, as a larger transcriptional complex, immediate early gene and target gene expression. In the nervous system, have roles in neurons and glia and are involved in the regulation of , differentiation, and and death, as well as in orchestrating its response to lesion.

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Abbreviations

Aβ:

amyloid β

AD:
Alk:

‐receptor‐like kinase

BMP:

bone morphogenetic protein

CNS:

central nervous system

DRG:

dorsal root ganglion

E:

embryonic day

ECM:

extracellular matrix

EGF:

epidermal growth factor

FGF:

fibroblast growth factor

GDF:

growth/differentiation factor

:

glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor

GFAP:

glial fibrillary acidic protein

IEG:

immediate early gene

IL:

interleukin

JNK:

c‐Jun NH(2)‐terminal kinase

ir:

immunoreactivity/immunoreactive

LAP:

latency‐associated protein

LLC:

large latent protein complex

LTBP:

latent‐ ‐binding protein

MAPK:

mitogen‐activated protein kinase

MEKK:

MAPK/ERK kinase kinase

MIS:

müllerian inhibiting substance

MMP:

matrix metalloprotease

NGF:

nerve growth factor

PAI:

plasminogen activator inhibitor

PD:
PDGF:

platelet‐derived growth factor

PNS:

peripheral nervous system

Shh:
TAK:

‐activated kinase

:

transforming growth factor‐β

TβR:

receptor

t‐PA:

tissue plasminogen activator

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Acknowledgments

The author's laboratory work was supported by grants from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (including SFB406; DFG Forschungszentrum CMPB).

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  1. K. Krieglstein
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Neurochemistry, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, 10962, Orangeburg, Newyork, USA

    Abel Lajtha (Director) (Director)

  2. Department of Neurology (Division of Neurochemistry and Neurobiology), University of Iowa College of Medicine and Veterans Administration Medical Center, 52242, lowa, lowa, USA

    Ramon Lim

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Krieglstein, K. (2006). Transforming Growth Factor-βs in the Brain. In: Lajtha, A., Lim, R. (eds) Handbook of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30381-9_6

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