Abstract
There were a few preliminary air pollution studies in Mexico City in the late 1950s and 1960s, but only in the early 1970s did air quality in Mexico City begin to be more widely recognized as a serious problem by scientists, the general population, and government authorities. A chronicle of air quality (AQ) monitoring in Mexico City can be found in http://sma.df.gob.mx/sma/gaa/monitoreo/o/antecedentes.htm. This concern has been the primary motivation for taking action to manage AQ in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA). Along with other methods, the integration of emission inventories (EI) emerged as a very important tool for designing appropriate pollutioncontrol strategies. Emission inventories are a snapshot of the emissions arising from the different activities performed by the population, services, and industry. They also include the contribution of natural phenomena such as soil erosion, wildfires, or emissions from vegetation.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Arriaga, J.L., Escalona, S., Cervantes, A., Orduñez, R., and López, T. 1997. Seguimiento de COV en el aire urbano de la ZMCM. 1992–1996. In Contaminación Atmossferica, Vol. II, eds. L. Garcia ColÃn, and J. Varela, pp. 67–96. Mexico D.F.: El Colegio Nacional.
Auto/Oil Air Quality Research Improvement Program 1997. Final Report. Warrendale, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.: Society of Automotive Engineers.
Beaton, S.P., Bishop, G.A., and Stedman, D.H. 1992. Emission characteristics of Mexico City vehicles. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 42:1424.
Belausteguigoitia, J.C. 1994. Algunas consideraciones sobre el uso de instrumentos económicos en la polÃtica ambiental. In Medio Ambiente Problemas y Soluciones. Mexico D.F.: El Colegio de Mexico.
Benson, J.D., Burns, V., Koehl, W.J., Gorse, R.A., Painter, L.J., Hochhauser, A.M., and Reuter, R.M. 1997. Effects of Gasoline Sulfur Level on Mass Exhaust Emissions Auto/Oil Air Quality Improvement Research Program, Final Report. Warrendale, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.: Society of Automotive Engineering. Report No. 912323.
Bishop, G.A., Stedman, D.H., De la Garza, J., and Dávalos, F.J. 1997. On-road remote sensing of vehicle emissions in Mexico. Environ. Sci. Technol. 31:3505–3510.
CAM (Comisión Ambiental Metropolitana). 1999. Inventario de Emisiones a la Atmósfera de la Zona Metropolitana del Valle de Mexico 1996. Mexico D.F.: Comisión Ambiental Metropolitana.
CAM (Comisión Ambiental Metropolitana). 2000. Informe sobre el Curso de Capacitación para el Manejo del Modeloo Multiscale Climate Chemistry Model. Mexico D.F.: Comisión Ambiental Metropolitana.
Comisión Metropolitana de Transporte y Vialidad (COMETRAVI). 1999. Estudio Integral del Transporte y Calidad del Aire en la ZMVM. Diagnóstico de las Condiciones del Transporte y Sus Implicaciones sobre la Calidad del Aire. Mexico D.F.: Cometravi.
DDF (Departamento del Distrito Federal), Gobierno del Estado de Mexico (GEM), SecretarÃa de Medio Ambiente, Recursos Naturales y Pesca (SEMARNAP), and SecretarÃa de Salubridad y Asistencia (SSA). 1996. Programa para Mejorar la Calidad del Aire en el Valle de Mexico 1995–2000. Mexico D.F.: Instituto Nacional de EcologÃa.
Edgerton, S.A., Bian, X., Doran, J.C., Fast, J.D., Hubbe, J.M., Malone, E.L., et al. 1999. Particulate air pollution in Mexico City: A collaborative research project. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 49:1221–1229.
Federal Aviation Administration. 1998. Aircraft engine emission user guide and database. FAEED v3.1, http://www.epa.gov/otaq/regs/nonroad/aviation/faauser3.pdf. The database is supported by the Office of Environment and Energy, Federal Aviation Administration, Washington D.C.
Finlayson-Pitts, B.J., and Pitts, J.N. Jr. 1986. Atmospheric Chemistry: Fundamentals and Experimental Techniques. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
GDF (Gobierno del Distrito Federal). 2000a. http://sma.dfgob.mx/publicaciones/aire/inventario1998/inventariol998.htm. Inventario 1998. Mexico D.F.: SecretarÃa del Medio Ambiente, Gobierno del Distrito Federal.
GDF (Gobierno del Distrito Federal) 2000b. Compendio EstadÃstico de la Calidad del Aire 1986–1999. Mexico D.F: SecretarÃa del Medio Ambiente, Gobierno del Distrito Federal.
Gobierno del Distrito Federal–RADIAN. 1996. Manual de Factores de Emisión Para Fuentes Móviles M5MCMA.a3. Mexico D.F.: SecretarÃa del Medio Ambiente, Gobierno del Distrito Federal.
Heil M., and Pargal, S. 1998. Reducing Air Pollution from Urban Passenger Transport. A Framework for Policy Analysis. Washington D.C.: World Bank.
IMP-LANL. 1994a. Mexico City Air Quality Research lnitiative. Modeling and Simulation, Vol. III. Los Alamos, New Mexico: Instituto Mexicano del Petróleo and Los Alamos National Laboratory. LA-12699 Report.
IMP-LANL. 1994b. Mexico City Air Quality Research Initiative. Strategic Evaluation, Vol. V. Los Alamos, New Mexico: Instituto Mexicano del Petróleo and Los Alamos National Laboratory. LA-12699 Report.
INE. 1999. http://www.ine.gob.mx/presidencia/asesores/pa_urbana/pag14.html. Proyecto de Revision y Eliminación de Fugas Domésticas de Gas Licuado de Petróleo en la Zona Metropolitana del Valle de Mexico. Mexico D.F.: Instituto Nacional de EcologÃa.
INE. 2000. Almanaque de Datos v Tendencias de la Calidad del Aire en Ciudades Mexicanas. Mexico D.F.: Instituto Nacional de EcologÃa.
JICA (Japanese International Cooperation Agency). 1988. Seminario sobre las Medidas contra la Contaminación Atmosférica de la Ciudad de Mexico, pp 89. Mexico D.F.: JICA and Departamento del Distrito Federal.
Legorreta, J. 1989. Transporte y Contaminación en la Ciudad de Mexico. Mexico, D.F.: Centro de Ecodesarrollo.
McCauley, E. 1999. 1997 VOC to NOx ratios for three sites in the South Coast Air Basin. http://www.arb.ca.gov/aqd/weekendeffect/vocnoxratio092299.doc.
Molina, M.J., Molina, L.T., Sosa, G., Gasca, J., and West, J. 2000. Analysis and Diagnostics of the Emissions Inventory of the Metropolitan Area of the Valley of Mexico. Integrated Program on Urban, Regional and Global Air Pollution, August. Boston, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Report #5.
National Research Council. 1991. Rethinking the Ozone Problem in Urban and Regional Air Pollution. Washington D.C.: National Academy Press.
Ortiz, E., Alemón, E., Guzman, F., and Galván, J.L. 1999. Personal exposure to particulate material and volatile organic compound in microbuses at Mexico City. In Urban Transport V Urban Transport and the Environment for the 21st Century, ed. L.J. Sucharov, pp.105–114. Boston, Massachusetts, USA: WIT Press.
PEMEX. 1999. Informe de Ventas Mensuales de Gasolina. Mexico City: Pemex.
PEMEX Gas y PetroquÃmica Basica. 1997. Efecto de los Componentes del Gas Licuado en la Acumulación de Ozono, en la Atmósfera de la ZMCM. Mexico City: PEMEX Gas y PetroquÃmica Basica, Instituto Mexicano del Petróleo.
Sandoval J., MarroquÃn, O., Jaimes, J.L., Zúñiga, V., Gonzalez, E., and Guzmán, F. 2001. Effect of hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides on ozone formation in smog chambers exposed to solar irradiance of Mexico City. Atmósfera 14:17–28.
Schifter, I., Diaz, L., Vera, M., Castillo, M., Ramos, F., Avalos, S., et al. 2000a. Impact of engine technology on the vehicular emissions in Mexico City. Environ. Sci. Technol. 34:2663–2667.
Schifter, I., Diaz, L., Lopez-Salinas, E., Rodriguez, R., Avalos, S., and Guerrero, V. 2000b. An evaluation of the LPG vehicles program in the metropolitan area of Mexico City, J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 50:301–309.
Schifter, I., Diaz, L., Avalos, S., Vera, M., Barrera, A. and Lopez-Salinas, E. 2000c. Effect of methyl tertiary butyl ether concentrations on exhaust emissions from gasoline used in the metropolitan area of Mexico City. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 50:488–494.
SecretarÃa del Medio Ambiente. 2000. Tercer Informe de Trabajo. Mexico D.F.: SecretarÃa del Medio Ambiente.
Secretariado Técnico Intergubernamental. 1990. Programa Integral Contra la Contaminación Atmosférica en la Zona Metropolitana de la Ciudad de Mexico. Mexico D.F.: Gobierno del Distrito Federal.
Seinfeld, J.H. 1986. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics of Air Pollution. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
USEPA. 1990. Background Documents for the Surface Impoundment Modeling Systems, SIMS. Version 2.0 PA-450/4–90019b. Washington, D.C.: Environmental Protection Agency.
USEPA 1991. http://www.epa.gov/otaq/im24Orpt.htm The IM240 Transient I/M Dynamometer Driving Schedule and The Composite IIM Test Procedure, USA: Environmental Protection Agency. Report No. EPA-AA-TSS-91–1. See also http://www.epa.gov/otaq/testproc.htm for Test Procedures and Laboratory Methods (Vehicles, Engines & Fuels). Washington, D.C.: Environmental Protection Agency.
USEPA. 1994. LANDFILL Model. Washington, D.C.: Environmental Protection Agency.
USEPA. 1995a. Compilation of Air Pollutants Emissions Factors, Vol. I, II Washington, D.C.: Environmental Protection Agency. AP-42.
USEPA. 1995b. User’s Guide to the Personal Computer Version of Biogenic Emission Inventory System (PC-BEIS2). Washington, D.C., USA: Environmental Protection Agency. EPA-600/R-95–091.
USEPA. 1997. http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/tanks.html. TANKS 3.1 Installation Instructions Washington, D.C.: Environmental Protection Agency.
World Bank. 1992. Transport air quality management in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area. Annex IV. Estimated Motor Vehicle Emissions Inventory for the Mexico City Metropolitan Area and Emission Reductions due to Potential Control Measures. Washington, D.C.: World Bank. Report No. 10045-ME.
WHO. 1998. World Health Organization Air Quality Guidelines for Europe, 2nd Second edn. Geneva: World Health Organization.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2002 Springer-Verlag New York, Inc.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ruiz, M.E., Gasca, J. (2002). Emissions Trends and Pollution Control Strategies in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area. In: Fenn, M.E., de Bauer, L.I., Hernández-Tejeda, T. (eds) Urban Air Pollution and Forests. Ecological Studies, vol 156. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-22520-3_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-22520-3_7
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-9573-7
Online ISBN: 978-0-387-22520-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive