Abstract
Behavioral conditions such as depression , anxiety and substance use disorders, stress and adjustment disorders, and lifestyle habits such as smoking, overeating, and lack of exercise all contribute to worse outcomes and higher costs for patients with chronic medical conditions as reported by Kathol et al. (J Gen Int Med 20:160–167, 2005) and McGinnis et al. (JAMA 270:2207–2212, 1993). Patients with comorbid medical and behavioral conditions are seen mostly in primary care settings where the behavioral conditions that contribute to adverse health outcomes are largely undetected or, when diagnosed, are offered inadequate treatment that does not meet evidence-based practice guidelines as reported by McGlynn et al. (N Engl J Med 348:2635–2645, 2003). There is a long-standing and growing body of evidence that targeted, focused behavioral interventions delivered in primary care settings can improve both health outcomes and reduce excessive medical costs for patients with chronic medical conditions and patterns of high utilization of health care services as reported by Chiles et al. (The impact of medical cost offset on practice and research: making it work for you, Context, Reno, 2002, 47–56).
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O’Donnell, R., Cummings, N., Cummings, J. (2014). Balancing Value and Cost. In: Hunter, C., Hunter, C., Kessler, R. (eds) Handbook of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-09817-3_8
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