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Sex Differences in Psychosis: Focus on Animal Models

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Sex Differences in Brain Function and Dysfunction

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences ((CTBN,volume 62))

Abstract

Most psychiatric illnesses, such as schizophrenia, show profound sex differences in incidence, clinical presentation, course, and outcome. Fortunately, more recently the literature on sex differences and (to a lesser extent) effects of sex steroid hormones is expanding, and in this review we have focused on such studies in psychosis, both from a clinical/epidemiological and preclinical/animal model perspective. We begin by briefly describing the clinical evidence for sex differences in schizophrenia epidemiology, symptomatology, and pathophysiology. We then detail sex differences and sex hormone effects in behavioral animal models of psychosis, specifically psychotropic drug-induced locomotor hyperactivity and disruption of prepulse inhibition. We expand on the preclinical data to include developmental and genetic models of psychosis, such as the maternal immune activation model and neuregulin transgenic animals, respectively. Finally, we suggest several recommendations for future studies, in order to facilitate a better understanding of sex differences in the development of psychosis.

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Acknowledgements

This research was part-funded by the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (AG CDF 1108098). The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health acknowledges the funding from the Victorian Government’s Operational Infrastructure Support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia

    Andrea Gogos

  2. Department of Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia

    Andrea Gogos

  3. School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

    Maarten van den Buuse

  4. Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia

    Maarten van den Buuse

  5. College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia

    Maarten van den Buuse

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  1. Andrea Gogos
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Correspondence to Andrea Gogos .

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  1. School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK

    Claire Gibson

  2. Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Liisa A. M. Galea

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Gogos, A., van den Buuse, M. (2022). Sex Differences in Psychosis: Focus on Animal Models. In: Gibson, C., Galea, L.A.M. (eds) Sex Differences in Brain Function and Dysfunction. Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences, vol 62. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/7854_2022_305

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