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PET Applications in Animal Models of Neurodegenerative and Neuroinflammatory Disorders

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Brain Imaging in Behavioral Neuroscience

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences ((CTBN,volume 11))

Abstract

Studies on hereditary neurological disorders such as familial Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have revealed abnormalities of pathogenic proteins causative of neurodegeneration, while molecular initiators of sporadic neuropsychiatric conditions remain unidentified. Such disorders are characterized by collections of molecular abnormalities that may be critically involved in synaptic dysfunctions and other deteriorations in neurons. Diverse classes of radiochemicals designed for positron emission tomographic (PET) imaging facilitate delineation of mechanistic links among key molecules in these processes by tracking their spatiotemporal correlations. This assay technique is of particular utility when applied to rodent and nonhuman primate models given their suitability for invasive genetic and pharmacological interventions. In addition, the detection of neurochemical and neuropathological changes by PET can be examined in laboratory animals when combined with invasive antemortem and postmortem investigations such as in vivo microdialysis, electrophysiological and histopathological techniques. This review primarily covers the use of small animal models of brain disorders using PET to elucidate etiological molecular cascades to facilitate in turn the search for diagnostic and therapeutic agents applicable to AD and related disorders in humans.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Drs. J. Q. Trojanowski and V. M. –Y. Lee at the University of Pennsylvania, Drs. T. C. Saido and N. Iwata at the RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Dr. Y. Yoshiyama at the National Hospital Organization Chiba-East Hospital, Dr. M. Staufenbiel at the Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Basel, Dr. R. B. Innis at the National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health and Dr. C. Halldin at the Kalorinska Institute for their collaborative support of the works conducted at the National Institute of Radiological Sciences. These research projects were also supported in part by grants-in-aid for the Molecular Imaging Program from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan

    Makoto Higuchi, Jun Maeda, Bin Ji, Masaki Tokunaga, Ming-Rong Zhang, Masahiro Maruyama, Maiko Ono, Toshimitsu Fukumura & Tetsuya Suhara

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  1. Makoto Higuchi
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  2. Jun Maeda
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  3. Bin Ji
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  4. Masaki Tokunaga
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  6. Masahiro Maruyama
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  7. Maiko Ono
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  8. Toshimitsu Fukumura
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  9. Tetsuya Suhara
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Correspondence to Makoto Higuchi .

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  1. , UC Davis Imaging Center, University of California at Davis, X Street 4701, Sacramento, 95817, California, USA

    Cameron S. Carter

  2. , Dep of Experimental Psychology/Dep of Ps, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, United Kingdom

    Jeffrey W. Dalley

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Higuchi, M. et al. (2011). PET Applications in Animal Models of Neurodegenerative and Neuroinflammatory Disorders. In: Carter, C., Dalley, J. (eds) Brain Imaging in Behavioral Neuroscience. Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences, vol 11. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/7854_2011_167

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