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Comparative and Evolutionary Genomics of Angiosperm Trees pp 19–60Cite as

Variation in Angiosperm Wood Structure and Its Physiological and Evolutionary Significance

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Part of the book series: Plant Genetics and Genomics: Crops and Models ((PGG,volume 21))

Abstract

Angiosperms show extensive variation in wood structure that reflects their evolutionary diversification and adaptation to a wide range of environments. Evolutionary shifts between an herbaceous and woody habit are common and have produced a wide array of growth forms, including herbs, lianas, succulents, trees and shrubs. As angiosperms moved into new environments, wood structure changed to reflect a balance between functions in water transport and storage, carbohydrate and mineral nutrient storage, and mechanical support. The extent and timing of wood production were modified and new cell types were produced in varying proportions and spatial arrangements. In particular, taxonomic variation in water conducting elements and parenchyma distribution affect a plant’s ability to withstand drought and freezing temperatures. In this chapter, I interpret the evolutionary significance of variation in angiosperm wood structure with references to biogeography, phylogenetics, molecular development, ecophysiology and paleobotany. Cell type-specific techniques in gene expression will continue to be key to the study of these processes.

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Acknowledgements

I gratefully acknowledge Elisabeth Wheeler for her help in obtaining images from the InsideWood database, as well as Shuichi Noshiro, Peter Gasson, Pieter Baas, Frederic Lens and Marcelo Pace for their help in obtaining images. Hugh Morris and Mark Olson provided thoughtful discussion. This work was generously supported by NSF IOS RUI 1257872 awarded to R. Spicer.

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  1. Department of Botany, Connecticut College, New London, CT, USA, 06320

    Rachel Spicer

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  1. Pacific Southwest Research Station, United States Forest Service, Davis, California, USA

    Andrew Groover

  2. Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

    Quentin Cronk

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Spicer, R. (2016). Variation in Angiosperm Wood Structure and Its Physiological and Evolutionary Significance. In: Groover, A., Cronk, Q. (eds) Comparative and Evolutionary Genomics of Angiosperm Trees. Plant Genetics and Genomics: Crops and Models, vol 21. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/7397_2016_28

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